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Justice is the ideal, morally correct state of things and persons. According to most of the many theories of justice, it is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls, for instance, claims that "Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. Most people believe that injustice must be resisted and punished, and many social and political movements fight for justice worldwide. But the number and variety of theories of justice suggest that it is not clear what justice and the reality of injustice demand of us, because it is not clear what justice is. We are in the difficult position of thinking that justice is vital, but of not being certain how to distinguish justice from injustice in our characters, institutions or actions, or in the world as a whole.
This problem of uncertainty about fundamentals has inspired philosophical reflection about justice...
