Philipp Apian
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Philipp Apian (b. 14 September 1531 in Ingolstadt; d. 15 November 1589 in Tübingen) was a German mathematician and medic. The son of Petrus Apianus (1495-1552) is also known as the cartographer of Bavaria.
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[edit] Life
He was born as Philipp Bienewitz (or Bennewitz). At age eleven, the son of mathematician, astronomer and cartographer Peter Apian started to study mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt. Later, aged 18, in Burgundy, Paris and Bourges.
Returning in 1552 he became professor. As Protestant he had to leave in 1569 due to Jesuit and the counter reformation. At University of Tübingen he lectured for 14 years until he also lost this job in 1583 after refusing to negate Calvinism.
[edit] Cartography
In 1554, Duke Albrecht of Bavaria orders Apian to create a map of Bavaria for the Bairische Chronik of Johannes Aventinus written 1526 to 1533. In seven years, Apian travelled through Oberbayern and Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Archbishopric Salzburg and Bishopric Eichstätt. After two years work, a 5 x 5 meter sized map in scale 1:45.000 was finished, to be coloured by Bartel Refinger.
Since 1563 in the residence's library, it was destroyed by a fire in 1782.
Smaller Bairische Landtafeln based on the map were ordered by Philipp Apian in 1566 from Jost Amman as 24 tables of scale 1:144.000 anfertigen. It is said that the accuracy was only surpassed in 19th century and that Napoléon Bonaparte used them when invading Bavaria.
Abraham Ortelius published them as ex tabula Philippi Apiani.
[edit] Literature
- Hans Wolff (Hg.): Philipp Apian und die Kartographie der Renaissance (Ausstellungskataloge der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek 50) 237 Seiten, Weißenhorn 1989, (Anton H. Konrad Verlag), ISBN 3874372820
