Philip V of Spain

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Philip V
King of Spain
Reign	1700–1724; 1724-1746
Born	December 19, 1683
Birthplace	Versailles, France
Died	July 9, 1746 (aged 62)
Place of death	Madrid, Spain
Predecessor	Charles II of Spain Louis I of Spain
Successor	Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain
Consort	i) Maria Luisa of Savoy ii) Elisabeth of Parma
Issue	Louis I of Spain Ferdinand VI of Spain Charles III of Spain Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal Philip, Duke of Parma Teresa, Dauphine of France Louis, Count de Chinchon Maria Antonia of Spain
Royal House	House of Bourbon
Father	Louis, Dauphin of France
Mother	Maria Anna of Bavaria

Spanish House of Bourbon 1700-1833

Philip V Children    Louis I    Ferdinand VI    Charles III    Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal    Philip, Duke of Parma    Teresa, Dauphine of France    Infante Luis Antonio of Spain    Antonia, Queen of Sardinia Louis I Ferdinand VI Charles III Children    Infanta María Josefa of Spain    Maria Luisa, Holy Roman Empress    Felipe, Duke of Calabria    Charles IV    Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies    Infante Gabriel    Infante Antonio of Spain Grandchild of cadet line    Infante Pedro Carlos Charles IV Children    Charlotte, Queen of Portugal    Maria Amalia of Spain    Maria Luisa, Queen of Etruria, Duchess of Parma    Ferdinand VII    Carlos, Count of Molina    Maria Isabella, Queen of the Two Sicilies    Infante Francisco de Paula Grandchildren of cadet lines    Carlos, Count of Montemolin    Juan, Count of Montizón    Infante Fernando of Spain    Francis, Duke of Cadiz, King Consort of Spain    Infante Enrique, Duke of Sevilla    Infanta Maria Cristina    Infanta Amalia Philippina of Spain Ferdinand VII Children    Isabella II    Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier Edit

King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1724 and 1724 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.

He was the second son of Louis, le Grand Dauphin and Maria Anna of Bavaria. He was a younger brother of Louis, duc de Bourgogne and an uncle of Louis XV of France.

His paternal grandparents were Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain. As the grandson of the king, he was a Petit-Fils de France. His maternal grandparents were Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Adelaide Henriette of Savoy, the daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy.

Contents 1 Claims to the Spanish Throne 2 War of Spanish Succession 3 Marriages and children 4 Abdication and resumption of the Throne 5 Legacy 6 Ancestry 7 References 8 King of Spain

[edit] Claims to the Spanish Throne

Philip was born at Versailles. He was made the Duke of Anjou upon his birth. He was the second son of Louis, le Grand Dauphin. In the year 1700, the King of Spain, Charles II, died. Charles' will named the 17-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor. Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duke of Berry, or to Archduke Charles of Austria.

Both claimants had a legal right due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold, were both the husbands of Charles' older half sisters and sons of Charles' aunts.

Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.

After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favor of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne but would forever renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants. It was not difficult to see whether Louis would have refused anyway as a Habsburg ruler in Spain would have put a possible enemy on three frontiers.

After the Royal Council decided to accept Charles' will naming Philip King of Spain, the Spanish ambassador was called in and introduced to his new King. The ambassador, along with his son, kneeled before Philip and made a long speech in Spanish which Philip did not understand, although Louis XIV did. Ironically Philip, who had never been taught Spanish while in France, had only begun taking lessons that day.

[edit] War of Spanish Succession

However, the other powers of Europe contested the idea, eventually leading to the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714). Although Philip was allowed to remain on the Spanish throne, Spain was forced to cede Minorca and Gibraltar to Great Britain; the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan, and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; and Sicily and parts of the Milanese to Savoy.

These losses greatly diminished the Spanish Empire in Europe, which had already been in decline. Throughout his reign, Philip sought to reverse the decline of Spanish power as Great Britain increasingly began to dominate at sea.

[edit] Marriages and children

He married Maria Louisa of Savoy (17 September 1688–14 February 1714) on 2 November 1701 and they had 4 sons:

• Louis-Philippe (25 August 1707–31 August 1724)
• Philip (2 July 1709–8 July 1709).
• Philip (7 June 1712–29 December 1719).
• Ferdinand VI (23 September 1713–10 August 1759).

He married Elizabeth Farnese (25 October 1692–11 July 1766) on 24 December 1714, they had 7 children:

• Charles III (20 January 1716–14 December 1788).
• Francisco (21 March 1717–21 April 1717).
• Marianne Victoria of Borbón (31 March 1718–15 January 1781). Married Joseph I of Portugal.
• Philip, Duke of Parma (15 March 1720–18 July 1765). Founder of the line of Bourbon-Parma.
• María Teresa (11 June 1726–22 July 1746). Married Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV).
• Luis Antonio (25 July 1727–7 August 1785). Was Archbishop of Toledo, Primate of Spain and Cardinal since 1735. In 1754 renounced his ecclesiastical titles and became Count de Chinchón. In 1776, he married morganatically Doña María Teresa de Vallabriga y de Rozas and had issue, but without royal titles.
• María Antonieta (November 17, 1729–September 19, 1785). Married Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

[edit] Abdication and resumption of the Throne

On January 14, 1724, Philip abdicated the throne to his eldest son, Louis I, but resumed it later that year when Louis died of smallpox.

Philip helped his Bourbon relatives to make territorial gains in the War of the Polish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession by reconquering Naples and Sicily from Austria and Oran from the Ottomans. Finally, at the end of his reign Spanish forces also successfully defended their American territories from a large British invasion during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

During his reign Spain began to recover from the stagnation it had suffered during the twilight of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Ferdinand VI of Spain, his son by his first queen Maria Luisa of Savoy, succeeded him.

Philip was afflicted by fits of manic depression and increasingly fell victim to a deep melancholia. His second wife, Elizabeth Farnese, completely dominated her passive husband. She bore him further sons, including another successor, Charles III of Spain. He was later helped with his affliction by the castrato singer Carlo Broschi, famously known as Farinelli, who, for 20 years, sang the same four arias each night to the king, before he went to sleep.

[edit] Legacy

• To commemorate the indignities the city of Xàtiva suffered after Philip's victory in the Battle of Almansa in the War of the Spanish Succession, in which he ordered the city to be burned, and renamed to San Felipe, the portrait of the monarch hangs upside down in the local museum of L'Almodí [1]).
• An equestrian statue of Philip V was commissioned during his lifetime to be erected in Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru. It came crashing down in a huge earthquake in 1746, the same month Philip V himself died. The statue was never replaced.
  
  

[edit] Ancestry

16. Henry IV of France

8. Louis XIII of France

17. Marie de' Medici

4. Louis XIV of France

18. Philip III of Spain

9. Infanta Anne of Spain

19. Archduchess Margaret of Austria

2. Louis, Dauphin of France

20. Philip III of Spain (= 18)

10. Philip IV of Spain

21. Archduchess Margaret of Austria (= 19)

5. Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain

22. Henry IV of France (= 16)

11. Princess Elisabeth of France

23. Marie de' Medici (= 17)

1. Philip V of Spain

24. William V, Duke of Bavaria

12. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria

25. Princess Renata of Lorraine

6. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria

26. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor

13. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria

27. Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria

3. Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria

28. Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy

14. Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy

29. Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain

7. Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy

30. Henry IV of France (= 16)

15. Princess Christine Marie of France

31. Marie de' Medici (= 17)

[edit] References

• Armstrong, Edward (1892). Elizabeth Farnese: "The Termagant of Spain". London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 
• Kamen, Henry (2001). Philip V of Spain: The King Who Reigned Twice. THE HAYHAYYYYYY Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08718-7. 
• Petrie, Sir Charles (1958). The Spanish Royal House. London: Geoffrey Bles. 

[edit] King of Spain

Philip V of Spain House of Bourbon Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: December 19 1683 Died: July 9 1746
Regnal titles
Preceded by Charles II	King of Naples and Sardinia; Duke of Brabant, Guelders, Limburg, Lothier, Luxembourg and Milan; Count of Flanders, Hainaut and Namur 1700–13	Succeeded by Charles VI
	King of Sicily 1700–13	Succeeded by Victor Amadeus II
	King of Spain (First time) 1700 – January 14, 1724	Succeeded by Louis
Preceded by Louis	King of Spain (Restored) September 6, 1724 – 1746	Succeeded by Ferdinand VI

v • d • e Monarchs of Spain House of Habsburg (1516-1700) Carlos I (1516-1556) • Felipé II (1556-1598) • Felipé III (1598-1621) • Felipé IV (1621-1665) • Carlos II (1665-1700) House of Borbón (1700-1808) Felipé V (1700-1724) • Luis I (1724) • Felipé V (Restored) (1724-1746) • Fernando VI (1746-1759) • Carlos III (1759-1788) • Carlos IV (1788-1808) • Fernando VII (1808) • Carlos IV (Restored) (1808) House of Bonaparte (1808-1813) José I (1808-1813) House of Borbón (1813-1868) Fernando VII (Restored) (1813-1833) • Isabella II (1833-1868) House of Savoy (1868-1873) Amadeo I (1868-1873) House of Borbón (1868-1931) Alfonso XII (1874-1885) • Alfonso XIII (1885-1931) House of Borbón (1975-Present) Juan Carlos I (1975-Present)