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The phi X 174 (or phi X) bacteriophage was the first organism to have its DNA-based genome sequenced, by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977.[1] In 1962, Walter Fiers had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of phi X 174 DNA.[2]
This phage has a very small amount of DNA. It has 11 genes in 5386 bases (it is single stranded) in a circular topology. Several of them expressing similar function in two groups. The GC-content is 44% and 95% of nucleotides are coding genes.
In 2003 it was reported that the whole genome of phi X 174 had been assembled synthetically from scratch.[3]
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[edit] References
- ^ Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M., "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA", Nature. 1977 Feb 24;265(5596):687-95
- ^ Fiers, W., and R. L. Sinsheimer, "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage PhiX 174. III. Ultracentrifuge evidence for a ring structure", J. Mol. Biol. 5:424-434, 1962
- ^ Smith, Hamilton O.; Clyde A. Hutchison, Cynthia Pfannkoch, J. Craig Venter (2003-12-23). "Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: {phi}X174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (26): 15440-15445. doi:10.1073/pnas.2237126100.
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