Phenibut

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Phenibut
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-amino-3-phenyl-butanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	1078-21-3
ATC code	?
PubChem	14113
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₀H₁₃N O₂
Mol. mass	179.216 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Synonyms	Fenibut, Phenybut, PhGABA
Physical data
Melt. point	253 °C (487 °F)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	OTC(US)
Routes	Oral

Beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid, better known as Phenibut or less commonly Fenibut or Phenybut, is a neuropsychotropic drug, derived from the neurotransmitter GABA that is capable of passing the blood-brain barrier. Phenibut is cited as a nootropic for its ability to improve neurological functions. It was discovered in Russia in the 1960's, and has since been used there to treat a wide range of ailments including anxiety and insomnia.

The name Phenibut, along with many of the other names for the compound, comes directly from the chemical name for the compound, beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Structurally, phenibut is similar to baclofen and phenethylamine, although it is not considered a phenethylamine. Phenibut is a GABA_B receptor agonist, with slight activity at GABA_A receptors. The pharmacological effects of phenibut are virtually identical to baclofen.^{[citation needed]}

Phenibut should be used with extreme caution as it can have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Side effects can include acute anxiety and insomnia that can last for up to two weeks afterwards. Withdrawal symptoms, however, are almost always associated with cessation after prolonged usage. Tolerance to phenibut can develop quite rapidly.^{[citation needed]}

Phenibut should never be mixed with alcohol, sedatives or prescription medication without consulting with a healthcare professional.

Persons on MAO inhibitors or epilepsy medications like carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine should consult with their psychiatrist/physician prior to supplementation with phenibut. Clinical research has demonstrated that phenibut can potentate or inhibit the function of some epilepsy medications.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] References

1. Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1986 Oct-Dec;21(4):129-40. On neurotransmitter mechanisms of reinforcement and internal inhibition. Shulgina GI.

2. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1975;23(6):733-46. Pharmacological properties of gamma-animobutyric acid and it derivatives. IV. Aryl gaba derivatives and their respective lactams. Chojnacka-Wojcik E, Hano J, Sieroslawska J, Sypniewska M.

3. Lapin I. Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug. CNS Drug Rev. 2001 Winter;7(4):471-81.

4. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Mar;33(3):255-61. Neurochemical characteristics of the ventromedial hypothalamus in mediating the antiaversive effects of anxiolytics in different models of anxiety. Talalaenko AN, Pankrat'ev DV, Goncharenko NV.

5. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 Sep-Oct;65(5):22-6. [Monoaminergic and aminoacidergic mechanisms of the posterior hypothalamus in realization of the antiaversive effects of anxiosedative and anxioselective agents in various anxiety models] [Article in Russian]. Talalaenko AN, Pankrat'ev DV, Goncharenko NV.

6. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2001 Sep;87(9):1217-26. [Neurochemical characteristics of the ventromedial hypothalamus and anti-aversive effects of anxiolytic agents in various anxiety models] [Article in Russian]. Talalaenko AN, Pankrat'ev DV, Goncharenko NV.

7. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 1984 Nov-Dec;56(6):637-41. [Mg2+-ATPase activity of brain mitochondria fractions in chronic stress and its correction by psychotropic agents] [Article in Russian]. Kresiun VI.

8. Farmakol Toksikol. 1991 Sep-Oct;54(5):14-6. [The adequacy of a new method for assessing the vestibular protective effect of biologically active substances] [Article in Russian]. Karkishchenko NN, Dimitriadi NA.