Portal:Pharmacy and Pharmacology/Pharmaceutics

THE Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical sciences PORTAL

The Pharmaceutical sciences are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study involved with the design, action, delivery, disposition, and use of drugs. This field draws on many areas of the basic and applied sciences, such as chemistry (organic, inorganic, physical, biochemistry and analytical), biology (anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology), mathematics, physics, and chemical engineering, and applies their principles to the study of drugs.

The pharmaceutical sciences are further subdivided into several specific specialties, with three main branches:

• Pharmacology: the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on organisms.
  • Pharmacodynamics: the study of the cellular and molecular interactions of drugs with their receptors.
  • Pharmacokinetics: the study of the factors that control the concentration of drug at various sites in the body.
  • Pharmaceutical toxicology: the study of the harmful or toxic effects of drugs.
  • Pharmacogenomics: the study of the inheritance of characteristic patterns of interaction between drugs and organisms.
• Medicinal chemistry: the study of drug design to optimize pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and synthesis of new drug molecules.
• Pharmaceutics: the study and design of drug formulation for optimum delivery, stability, pharmacokinetics, and patient acceptance.

As new discoveries advance and extend the pharmaceutical sciences, subspecialties continue to be added to this list. Importantly, as knowledge advances, boundaries between these specialty areas of pharmaceutical sciences are beginning to blur. Many fundamental concepts are common to all pharmaceutical sciences. These shared fundamental concepts further the understanding of their applicability to all aspects of pharmaceutical research and drug therapy.

Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with all facets of the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) into a medication able to be safely and effectively used by patients in the community. Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design. There are many chemicals with known pharmacological properties but a raw chemical is of no use to a patient.

Pharmaceutics Categories

Pharmaceutics Topics

• Pharmacy
  • Pharmacist
  • Pharmaceutical company
  • Pharmaceutical policy
  • Bachelor of Pharmacy
  • Drug reaction testing
  • Adverse drug reaction
  • Adherence (compliance) and concordance
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Pharmacy practice
  • Pharmacy technician
  • Pharmacybrands
  • Polypharmacy
  • Pharmacode
  • Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA)

• Pharmacists' Defence Association
  • Pharmaceutical Society Of New Zealand
  • Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
  • Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland
  • Pakistan Pharmacists Society

• Pharmaceutics
  • Industrial pharmacy
  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Pharmaceutical formulation

• Drug delivery
• Route of administration
  • Dosage form
    • Excipients
    • Active ingredient
    • Pharmacology - Placebo - Placebo effect - Quality system

• • • Tablet - Tabletting (Physics of Compression - Direct compression - Granulation - Dry granulation - Wet granulation - Drying - Mixing - Mass transfer - Percolation theory)
    • Capsules
    • Ampoules
    • Suppository
    • Cell penetrating peptide

Inhaled dosage forms

• Aerosols
• Gases
• Inhalers & Metered dose inhalers
• Solutions for nebulizers

Ophthalmic dosage forms

• Eye drops
• Ophthalmic gels
• Ophthalmic ointments

Oral dosage forms

• Capsules
• Powders
• Solutions
• Suspensions
• Tablets

Otic dosage forms

• Ear drops

Parenteral dosage forms

• Injection (medicine)

Rectal dosage forms

• Enemas
• Suppositories

Topical dosage forms

• Creams
• Gels
• Liniments
• Lotions
• Ointments
• Pastes
• Transdermal patch

Vaginal dosage forms

• Douches
• Intrauterine devices
• Pessaries
• Vaginal ring

Pharmacopoeia

• • United States Pharmacopeia
  • British Pharmacopoeia
  • British National Formulary
  • British National Formulary for Children

Pharmaceutics Web resources

• List of pharmaceutical sciences journals (incomplete list)

• Pformulate : Excipient and Formulation Databases, etc. on the web
• Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (need login)
• Frequently Asked Questions about Pharmaceutical Excipients
• Pharmaceutical Technology website
• Medical News : Pharma Industry / Biotech Industry News
• Pharmaceutical Executive
• Review of Current Issues in Pharmaceutical Excipients from pharmtech.com
• Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Pharmaceutical magazines from Wiley Interscience
• INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS from Elsevier.com
• EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
• All products within Pharmaceutical Science from Elsevier.com
• Pharmacology & Toxicology Titles in Taylor & Francis journals
• Pharmacy Titles in Taylor & Francis journals
• Pharmaceutical sciences Journals in Informaworld T&F
• Pharmacology Journals in Informaworld T&F
• Journal of Medicinal Chemistry from ACS
• Macomolecules from ACS
• Molecular Pharmaceutics from ACS
• Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling from ACS
• Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation from ACS
• Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry from ACS
• Journal of Natural Products from ACS
• Biomacromolecules from ACS
• Biochemistry Journal from ACS
• Biotechnology Progress from ACS
• Review Journals about Pharmaceutics and medicinal chemistry (Bentham Publication)
• ASPET Journals online from the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
• Nature reviews
• NewJour Electronic Journals and newspapers online Archive
• Articles about Pharmacy and Pharmacology from Marcel Dekker Encyclopedias (F&T Books)
• liebert journals
• PubMed from NCBI
• Entrez : searching databases from NCBI
• RCSB Protein Databank
• GDB Human Genome Database
• Springer Biomedical sciences journals
• AdonisOnLine : online journals and newsletters of Wolters Kluwer Health (Adis)

Free-Source Pharmaceutical Journal

• American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
• Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
• Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Canadian Pharmaceutical Marketing
• Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
• Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
• Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
• Journal of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Engineering
• Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Pharmaceutical and Medical Packaging News
• Pharmaceutical Executive
• Pharmaceutical Journal
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
• Pharmaceutical Processing
• Pharmaceutical Technology
• Pharmaceutical Technology Europe
• Pharmaceuticals
• South African Pharmaceutical Journal
• Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research