Phalangiotarbi

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Phalangiotarbi
Fossil range: Upper Carboniferous
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Phalangiotarbi
Haase, 1890
Families

Currently 3 families, see text for details.
Synonyms

Architarbi
Phalangiotarbida

Phalangiotarbi (Haase, 1890) is an extinct arachnid order known from the Early Devonian of Germany and the Upper Carboniferous Coal measures of Europe and North America.

The affinities of phalangiotarbids are obscure, with most authors favouring affinities with Opiliones (harvestmen) and/or Acari (mites and ticks). Phalangiotarbida has been recently proposed to be sister group to (Palpigradi+Tetrapulmonata): the taxon Megoperculata sensu Shultz (1990).[1]

Nemastomoides depressus, described as a harvestman in the family Nemastomoididae, is actually a poorly preserved phalangiotarbid.[2]

Contents

[edit] Names

The order is also called Phalangiotarbida, the ending -ida originated when Petrunkevitch (1955) tried to standardize the endings of the arachnid orders, which is unnecessary and unwarranted according to the ICZN. Nevertheless, Phalangiotarbida has become the more widespread usage in the recent literature.

Architarbi Petrunkevitch 1945 is a synonym.

[edit] Taxa included

  • Anthracotarbidae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
  • Anthracotarbus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
  • Anthracotarbus hintoni Kjellesvig-Waering, 1969
  • Architarbidae Karsch, 1882
  • Architarbus Scudder, 1868
  • Architarbus hoffmanni Guthörl, 1934
  • (= Opiliotarbus kliveri Waterlot, 1934)
  • (= Goniotarbus sarana Guthörl, 1965)
  • Architarbus minor Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Architarbus rotundatus Scudder, 1868
  • Bornatarbus Rößler & Schneider, 1997
  • Bornatarbus mayasii (Haupt in Nindel, 1955)
  • Devonotarbus Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
  • Devonotarbus hombachensis Poschmann, Anderson & Dunlop, 2005
  • Discotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Discotarbus deplanatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Geratarbus Scudder, 1890
  • Geratarbus lacoei Scudder, 1890
  • Geratarbus bohemicusPetrunkevitch, 1953
  • Goniotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1953
  • Goniotarbus angulatus (Pocock, 1911)
  • Goniotarbus tuberculatus (Pocock, 1911)
  • Hadrachne Melander, 1903
  • Hadrachne horribilis Melander, 1903
  • Leptotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Leptotarbus torpedo (Pocock, 1911)
  • Mesotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1949
  • Mesotarbus angustus (Pocock, 1911)
  • Mesotarbus eggintoni (Pocock, 1911)
  • Mesotarbus hindi (Pocock, 1911)
  • Mesotarbus intermedius Petrunkevitch, 1949
  • Mesotarbus peteri Dunlop & Horrocks, 1997
  • Metatarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Metatarbus triangularus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Ootarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Ootarbus pulcherPetrunkevitch, 1945
  • Ootarbus ovatusPetrunkevitch, 1945
  • OrthotarbusPetrunkevitch, 1945
  • Orthotarbus minutus (Petrunkevitch, 1913)
  • Orthotarbus robustus Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Orthotarbus nyranensis Petrunkevitch, 1953
  • Paratarbus Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Paratarbus carbonarius Petrunkevitch, 1945
  • Phalangiotarbus Haase, 1890
  • Phalangiotarbus subovalis (Woodward, 1872)
  • Pycnotarbus Darber, 1990
  • Pycnotarbus verrucosus Darber, 1990
  • Triangulotarbus Patrick, 1989
  • Triangulotarbus terrehautensisPatrick, 1989
  • Heterotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Heterotarbus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Heterotarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch, 1913
  • Opiliotarbidae Petrunkevitch, 1949
  • Opiliotarbus Pocock, 1910
  • Opiliotarbus elongatus (Scudder, 1890)
  • nomina dubia
  • Eotarbus litoralis Kušta, 1888
  • Nemastomoides depressus Petrunkevitch, 1913

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Pollitt et al. 2004
  2. ^ Dunlop in Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 255

[edit] References

  • Petrunkevitch, Alexander I. (1955): Arachnida. pp. 42-162 in Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, part P. Arthropoda 2 (R.C. Moore, ed.). Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
  • Shultz, Jeffrey W. (1990): Evolutionary morphology and phylogeny of Arachnida. Cladistics 6: 1-38.
  • Dunlop, Jason A. (1997): Palaeozoic arachnids and their significance for arachnid phylogeny. Proceedings of the 16th European Colloquium of Arachnology 65-82. - Abstract
  • Pollitt, Jessica R.; Braddy, Simon J. & Dunlop, Jason A. (2004): The phylogenetic position of the extinct arachnid order Phalangiotarbida Haase, 1890, with reference to the fauna from the Writhlington Geological Nature Reserve (Somerset, UK). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 94(3): 243-259. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000651 - PDF available on request
  • Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9

[edit] Further reading

  • Dunlop, Jason A. & Horrocks, Carl A. (1997): Phalangiotarbid arachnids from the Coal Measures of Lancashire, UK. Geological Magazine 134: 369-381. doi:10.1017/S0016756897007073