Peros Banhos
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Peros Banhos is a formerly inhabited atoll in the Chagos Archipelago of the British Indian Ocean Territory.
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[edit] Geography
The atoll has a total area of 503 km², but a land area of only 13 km², made up by some 32 islets. Most of the balance of 490 km² is occupied by the lagoon, which is connected to the open sea, and a smaller part by the reef flat.
It is a medium sized coralline atoll, similar to those in the neighboring Maldives. The diameter of the lagoon, which is called Baie de Peros Banhos, is just above 20 km. Peros Banhos is circled by a regular coral reef. The circling reef is sunken on its southeastern rim. All islands are flat and sandy and the largest ones are covered with coconut trees.
The largest and most important island in the group is Île du Coin. It was home to the Perch Settlement from where the coconut plantations of the Atoll were run. This island was the main port of the atoll and had a jetty to load and unload merchandise.
Île du Coin was the only island that was settled permanently in Peros Banhos. Other important islands in the atoll which had buildings on them and were also occasionally inhabited were Grande Soeur, Île Diamant, Île Manoël and Île Pierre. All these islands were part of the former coconut plantation run from Île du Coin.
Île Yeye, at the northeastern corner of the atoll, is the island of the Chagos that is closest to the Maldives. The distance between Île Yeye and Gan Island (Addu Atoll) is 523 km.
There have been some changes in the geography of this atoll since the first maps were published in the mid 1800s. Île St. Brandon, which was covered with coconut trees when the first survey of this atoll was done, is now just a sandbank. On the other hand, in the western rim of Peros Banhos, the island north of Île Verte was only a small sandbank at the time of Commander Robert Moresby's Survey in 1837, but now it is a medium-sized island covered with vegetation.
[edit] History
Peros Banhos was discovered in 1513 by Afonso d'Albuquerque. The name of this atoll derives from "Pêro dos Banhos", the name of a Portuguese navigator who died there after his ship ran aground on this atoll.
The earliest and most interesting description of Peros Banhos was written by Manoel Rangel. He was a castaway from the Portuguese ship Conceiςao which ran aground and was smashed to smithereens on the Peros Banhos reefs in 1556.
165 survivors were left on a flat sandy island of Peros Banhos before coconut trees were there; among them were two women and five Catholic priests. Rangel mentions that there were weeds and grasses and that about ten thousand birds lived on that Island. While the birds lasted the castaways survived, but they began to die in great numbers after having eaten most of the bird population.
According to Manoel Rangel there was drinking water to be found by digging shallow wells in the sand. Also many turtles came to lay eggs on the beach of that island.
Since 1756 Île du Coin was home to a population of up to 500 people. Most of the inhabitants, the Ilois, were workers in the coconut plantations and in the oil-producing industry. The Ilois were Christian and there were churches and primary schools in Peros Banhos before the local population was moved away. Their language was a Creole version of French, known as Chagossian Creole. There is a small bushy island called Île Diable on the NW of the atoll. The name of this islet suggests that there were some local folkloric beliefs.
Moresby Island, at the northern end of Peros Banhos Atoll was named after Robert Moresby, a British hydrographer who made the first accurate Survey of the Chagos Archipelago in 1837. After Moresby's survey, the first detailed map of Peros Banhos Atoll was published by the Hydrographic Service of the Indian Navy.
In 1970, the entire population of Peros Banhos Atoll was expelled by the British Government and sent to live in Mauritius. More recently, the islands have been investigated as a possible location for resettlement, although access is currently prohibited.
[edit] Nature Reserve
The part of the atoll east of a line drawn between the easternmost point of land on Moresby Island (north) and the easternmost point of land on Fouquet Island (south) fall within the Peros Banhos Atoll Strict Nature Reserve[1]. Entry into this and into the other Strict Nature Reserves, and within 200 meters of the islands therein is prohibited and activities are clearly proscribed by the British Indian Ocean Territory.
Yachtsmen are advised not to even anchor within the limits of the Peros Banhos Atoll Strict Nature Reserve.
[edit] List of islands
With some 32 islets, the Peros Banhos Atoll encompasses about half of all islands in the Chagos Archipelago. The individual islands and islets are listed clockwise, starting in the south:
[edit] southwest rim (between southern channel and Passe de l'Île Poule)
- Île Fouquet
- Mapou de l'Île du Coin
- Île du Coin
- Île Anglaise
- Île Monpâtre
- Île Gabrielle
- Île Poule
[edit] northwest rim (between Passe de l'Île Poule and Moresby Channel)
- Petite Soeur
- Grande Soeur
- Île Finon
- Île Verte
- unnamed island
- Île Manon
- Île Pierre
- Île Diable
- Petite Île Mapou
- Grande Île Mapou
- Île Diamant
[edit] eastern part (east of southern channel and Moresby Channel)
- Île de la Passe
- Moresby Island
- Île Saint-Brandon
- Île Parasol
- Île Longue
- Grande Île Bois Mangue
- Petite Île Bois Mangue
- Île Manoël
- unnamed islet
- Île Yeye (0.60 km²)
- Petite Île Coquillage
- Grande Île Coquillage
- Coin du Mire
- Île Vache Marine
Passe de l'Île Poule is also called Passe Elisabeth on older maps.
The islands in the eastern part are part of the Peros Banhos Strict Nature Reserve, except Île De La Passe and Moresby Island.
[edit] References
- Bernardo Gomes de Brito. Historia Tragico Maritima. Em que se escrevem chronologicamente os Naufragios que tiverao as Naos de Portugal, depois que se poz em exercicio a Navegaçao da India. Lisboa 1735
[edit] Literature
- R.P. Roger Dussercle S. Sp., "Archipel de Chagos", En Mission 10 Novembre 1933 - 11 Januar 1934, Port Lois - Île Maurice: The General Printing & Stationery Cy. Ltd., T. Eclapon, Administrateur, MCMXXXIV
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