Periodic table (large version)

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This is a large version of the periodic table and contains the symbol, atomic number, and mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.[1]

The periodic table is now ubiquitous within the academic discipline of chemistry, providing an extremely useful framework to classify, systematize and compare all the many different forms of chemical behavior. The table has also found wide application in physics, biology, engineering, and industry. The current standard table contains 117 confirmed elements as of 2008-01-27 (while element 118 has been synthesized, element 117 has not).

Contents

[edit] Table

Group → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
↓ Period IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
1 Hydrogen
1
H
1.0079		 Name of element
Atomic number
Chemical symbol

Relative atomic mass †

 Helium
2
He
4.0026
2 Lithium
3
Li
6.941(2)		 Beryllium
4
Be
9.0122		 Boron
5
B
10.811(7)		 Carbon
6
C
12.011		 Nitrogen
7
N
14.007		 Oxygen
8
O
15.999		 Fluorine
9
F
18.998		 Neon
10
Ne
20.180
3 Sodium
11
Na
22.990		 Magnesium
12
Mg
24.305		 Aluminium
13
Al
26.982		 Silicon
14
Si
28.086		 Phosphorus
15
P
30.974		 Sulfur
16
S
32.066(6)		 Chlorine
17
Cl
35.453		 Argon
18
Ar
39.948(1)
4 Potassium
19
K
39.098		 Calcium
20
Ca
40.078(4)		 Scandium
21
Sc
44.956		 Titanium
22
Ti
47.867(1)		 Vanadium
23
V
50.942(1)		 Chromium
24
Cr
51.996		 Manganese
25
Mn
54.938		 Iron
26
Fe
55.845(2)		 Cobalt
27
Co
58.933		 Nickel
28
Ni
58.693		 Copper
29
Cu
63.546(3)		 Zinc
30
Zn
65.39(2)		 Gallium
31
Ga
69.723(1)		 Germanium
32
Ge
72.61(2)		 Arsenic
33
As
74.922		 Selenium
34
Se
78.96(3)		 Bromine
35
Br
79.904(1)		 Krypton
36
Kr
83.80(1)
5 Rubidium
37
Rb
85.468		 Strontium
38
Sr
87.62(1)		 Yttrium
39
Y
88.906		 Zirconium
40
Zr
91.224(2)		 Niobium
41
Nb
92.906		 Molybdenum
42
Mo
95.94(1)		 Technetium
43
Tc
[97.907]		 Ruthenium
44
Ru
101.07(2)		 Rhodium
45
Rh
102.906		 Palladium
46
Pd
106.42(1)		 Silver
47
Ag
107.868		 Cadmium
48
Cd
112.411(8)		 Indium
49
In
114.818(3)		 Tin
50
Sn
118.710(7)		 Antimony
51
Sb
121.760(1)		 Tellurium
52
Te
127.60(3)		 Iodine
53
I
126.904		 Xenon
54
Xe
131.29(2)
6 Caesium
55
Cs
132.905		 Barium
56
Ba
137.327(7)		 Lanthanides
57-71
*

 Hafnium
72
Hf
178.49(2)		 Tantalum
73
Ta
180.948		 Tungsten
74
W
183.84(1)		 Rhenium
75
Re
186.207(1)		 Osmium
76
Os
190.23(3)		 Iridium
77
Ir
192.217(3)		 Platinum
78
Pt
195.084(9)		 Gold
79
Au
196.967		 Mercury
80
Hg
200.59(2)		 Thallium
81
Tl
204.383		 Lead
82
Pb
207.2(1)		 Bismuth
83
Bi
208.980		 Polonium
84
Po
[208.982]		 Astatine
85
At
[209.987]		 Radon
86
Rn
[222.018]
7 Francium
87
Fr
[223.020]		 Radium
88
Ra
[226.0254]		 Actinides
89-103
**

 Rutherfordium
104
Rf
[263.113]		 Dubnium
105
Db
[262.114]		 Seaborgium
106
Sg
[266.122]		 Bohrium
107
Bh
[264.1247]		 Hassium
108
Hs
[269.134]		 Meitnerium
109
Mt
[268.139]		 Darmstadtium
110
Ds
[272.146]		 Roentgenium
111
Rg
[272.154]		 Ununbium
112
Uub
[277]		 Ununtrium
113
Uut
[284]		 Ununquadium
114
Uuq
[289]		 Ununpentium
115
Uup
[288]		 Ununhexium
116
Uuh
[292]		 Ununseptium
117
Uus
?		 Ununoctium
118
Uuo
[294]

* Lanthanides   Lanthanum
57
La
138.905		 Cerium
58
Ce
140.116(1)		 Praseodymium
59
Pr
140.908		 Neodymium
60
Nd
144.242(3)		 Promethium
61
Pm
[144.913]		 Samarium
62
Sm
150.36(2)		 Europium
63
Eu
151.964(1)		 Gadolinium
64
Gd
157.25(3)		 Terbium
65
Tb
158.925		 Dysprosium
66
Dy
162.500(1)		 Holmium
67
Ho
164.930		 Erbium
68
Er
167.259(3)		 Thulium
69
Tm
168.934		 Ytterbium
70
Yb
173.04(3)		 Lutetium
71
Lu
174.967(1)
** Actinides   Actinium
89
Ac
[227.027]		 Thorium
90
Th
232.038		 Protactinium
91
Pa
231.036		 Uranium
92
U
238.029		 Neptunium
93
Np
[237.048]		 Plutonium
94
Pu
[244.064]		 Americium
95
Am
[243.061]		 Curium
96
Cm
[247.070]		 Berkelium
97
Bk
[247.070]		 Californium
98
Cf
[251.080]		 Einsteinium
99
Es
[252.083]		 Fermium
100
Fm
[257.095]		 Mendelevium
101
Md
[258.098]		 Nobelium
102
No
[259.101]		 Lawrencium
103
Lr
[262.110]

[edit] Note

† A value in brackets, such as [259.101], is the atomic mass of the most stable isotope unless it is an integer, in which case it is the mass number of the most stable isotope. In all other cases, the value is the relative atomic mass of common terrestrial composition, according to Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, and (where necessary) includes its uncertainty in parenthesis. For example, the value of 200.59(2) for mercury means that a normal terrestrial isotopic composition of mercury has a relative atomic mass of 200.59 atomic mass units (u) with an uncertainty of 0.02u, reflecting primarily local variability around the earth.

[edit] Legend

State at standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 1 atm)
Gases Liquids Solids
Natural occurrence
Undiscovered Synthetic From decay Primordial

[edit] References

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ "The periodic table of the elements", International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2007-07-22. Retrieved on 2008-02-08. 
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