Pembroke Yeomanry
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| Pembroke Yeomanry | |
|---|---|
| Active | |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Allegiance | British Army |
| Branch | Yeomanry World War I Royal Artillery World War II |
| Size | One Regiment |
| Battle honours | Fishguard South Africa 1901 World War I Gaza Tell'Asus Jericho Egypt 1916-17 Jerusalam Palestine 1917-18 Somme 1918 Bapaume 1918 Epehy Hindenburg Line Pursuit to Mons France and Flanders 1918 World War II No battle honours were awarded. It is tradition within artillery units that the Regiment's guns represent its colours and battle honours.[1] |
The Pembroke Yeomanry were formed in 1794, by Lord Mitford[2] when King George III was on the throne, William Pitt the Younger was Prime Minister of Great Britain, and across the English Channel, Britain was faced by a French nation that had recently guillotined its King and which possessed a revolutionary army numbering half a million men. The Prime Minister proposed that the English Counties form a force of Volunteer Yeoman Cavalry that could be called on by the King to defend the country against invasion or by the Lord Lieutenant to subdue any civil disorder within the country.[3]
In 1797 the French Republican La Legion Noire landed off Carreg Wastad Point, in what would be the Last invasion of Britain , only to surrender to a much smaller force including the Pembroke Yeomanry hastily assembled under Lord Cawdor.[4] Two of the French frigates involved were captured and one was re-commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Fisgard.[4] In 1853 Queen Victoria awarded the battle honour Fishguard upon the Regiment.[4] The unit became the first volunteer unit to receive a battle honour and remains the only unit still serving in the British Army to bear the name of an engagement on British soil.[4]
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[edit] Boer War
During the Boer War the Yeomanry provided the 30th (Pembrokshire) Company of the 9th (Welsh) Battalion of Imperial Yeomanry, landing in South Africa in 1890 to fight as Mounted Infantry, and replacing them, a second 30th Company in 1901, both saw considerable action.[5]
[edit] World War I
During World War One the regiment formed second and third line units known as the 2/1st and the 3/1st Pembroke Yeomanry.
[edit] 1/1st Pembroke Yeomanry
The 1/1st Pembroke Yeomanry remained in the United Kingdom until after the evacuation from Gallipoli when as part of the South Wales Mounted Brigade they were sent as reinforcements to the Middle East on arrival a detatchment from the regiment formed part of the Imperial Camel Corps.[4] While the remainder of the Regiment together with the 1/1st Glamorgan Yeomanry re-roled as infantry and formed the 24th Battalion the Welch Regiment attatched to the 74th (Yeomanry) Division.[4] The Division was involved in actions against the Turkish forces at the battles of Second Battle of Gaza , Third Battle of Gaza , Battle of Beersheba and the Battle of Epehy and the capture of Jerusalem and Jericho. The Division was moved to France in May 1918. The 24th Welch entered Ath on the November 11, 1918 , only two and a half hours before hostilities ceased.[4]
[edit] 2/1st Pembroke Yeomanry
The 2/1st Pembroke Yeomanry was based at Southwold during the raid by Admiral Boedicker’s battle cruisers on Lowestoft in 1916..[4] The regiment was converted in a cyclist unit later in 1916 and did not see any active service overseas. .[6]
[edit] 3/1st Pembroke Yeomanry
The third line regiment the 3/1st was formed in 1915 and remained in the United Kingdom , until they were disbanded in early 1917.[7]
[edit] Between the Wars
On the reforming of the TA, the 14 senior Yeomanry Regiments remained as horsed cavalry regiments (6 forming the 5th and 6th Cavalry Brigades) the remaining Yeomanry Regiments would be re roled as Artillery. [8] The Pembroke Yeomanry were one of the regiments that now formed part of the Royal Artillery.
[edit] World War II
During World War Two the Pembroke Yeomany on mobilisation formed two regiments the 102nd Field Regiment and the second line 146th Field Regiment.[9]
The first line 102nd Field Regiment, formed from the two Pembrokeshire Batteries, landed at Algiers in February 1943 as part of the 1st Army. After the fall of Tunis they converted to a medium artillery regiment and landed in Italy with the 8th Army , in December 1943, by the end of the war they were on the banks of the River Po.[4]
Having Reformed as field artillery,between the wars the Pembroke Yeomanry’s Cardiganshire Battery on the start on World War Two now became a separate Regiment.[4] As 146th Field Regiment they landed in Suez in September 1942, joining the 8th Army and participated in the Battle of El Alemain , as part of the 7th Armoured Division , Artillery Group. When 7th Armoured returned from Italy in 1944 to prepare for the Normandy Landings , the Regiment was converted to medium artillery in England. The Regiment returned to France for the first time since the end of World War One in July 1944, crossing the Rhine on 17th March of the following year having acquired, from their badges, the nickname of the ‘Fishguard Express’.[4]
[edit] Post War
In 1946 the Pembroke Yeomanry received the Freedom of the Town and County of Haverfordwest. Over the years there has been various reorganisations of the Territorial Army , which has resulted in several changes of role for thee Pembroke Yeomanry, from Cavalry to Artillery to Cavalry to Infantry to the Royal Corps of Transport and finally in 1993 becoming part of the Royal Logistic Corps, as the 224 (Pembroke Yeomanry) Squadron RLC.[10]
