Pemberton Mill
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The Pemberton Mill was a factory in Lawrence, Massachusetts, which collapsed on January 10, 1860. Eighty-eight mill workers died in the collapse and subsequent fire, the majority of them were recent Irish immigrants, and many young women. The sudden collapse of the five-story brick building was determined to have been caused by a combination of shoddy construction and the overloading of its floors with heavy machinery. The disaster became a rallying point for efforts to improve standards in industrial workplaces.