Patrick Henry College

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Patrick Henry College
Image:PatrickHenryCollege-seal.gif

Motto: Pro Christo et Libertate
(For Christ and For Liberty)
Established: 2000
Type: Private
Chancellor: Mike Farris
President: Graham Walker
Provost: Gene Edward Veith
Faculty: 25 full-time
8 adjunct[1]
Students: 325
Location: Purcellville, VA, U.S.
Campus: Suburban 100+ acres (400,000 m²)
Colors: Blue and Gold
Mascot: Sentinel
Website: www.phc.edu

Patrick Henry College, or PHC, is a private, non-denominational Protestant college that focuses on teaching classical liberal arts and government, located in Purcellville, Virginia. It is the first college in America founded specifically for Christian home-schooled students,[2] and is known for its evangelical Christian focus. As of April 17, 2007, the college was nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, an accrediting organization recognized by the Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

The school was founded with the help of the Home School Legal Defense Association, and now serves as the headquarters for the organization, with which it is still closely connected.

The college has gained much publicity because of its strong ties with the Republican Party and the Bush administration,[3] and its high emphasis on debate and moot court.[4] The school has also been criticized for the religious affirmations that all students and faculty must agree to and continually uphold.[5]

Contents

[edit] History

Patrick Henry College - Purcellville, Virginia
Patrick Henry College - Purcellville, Virginia

Patrick Henry College was incorporated in 1998 by Michael Farris, founder of the Home School Legal Defense Association. It officially opened September 20, 2000, with a class of 92 students. Since then the school has grown to approximately 325 students. Because the school does not ask for race on applications the ethnic demographics are unknown. The college refuses to accept any federal financial aid and therefore is relieved from Department of Education reporting requirements on the racial makeup of its student body.[6]

Patrick Henry College receives all of its funding from tuition money or personal donors. The college states that it does not accept any money "from government, or any other source that includes terms which supersede the authority of our Board of Trustees or conflict with our foundational statements. Patrick Henry College also operates without debt, adding new facilities and programs only as funds are available. Instead, it relies heavily on giving of people across the country to meet their financial obligations.[7] The Home School Legal Defense Association remains one of the primary benefactors of the school and all members of the association receive a thirteen hundred dollar grant if accepted as students.[8][9]

[edit] Media attention

The school has been the subject of media attention from its inception, attracting reports from every major network and cable news organization, and being the subject of articles in Time,[2] The New Yorker,[10] The Economist,[11] the New York Times,[12] and others. Most recently, the college was the subject of the television documentary God's Next Army, which aired in the spring of 2006 on Britain's Channel 4 and the Discovery Times Channel in the United States.[13] Initial media interest stemmed from the fact that the college deliberately sought students with homeschooled backgrounds.[14] As time went on, it also attracted notice because of a perceived closeness with the Bush administration, which had given the school's students a number of White House internships and opportunities. In the spring of 2004, of the almost 100 student interns working in the White House, seven were from Patrick Henry College, which had only 240 students at the time.[12] This is the same number of interns Georgetown University had during the same period.[15] Hanna Rosin, a well-known writer who has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post, the New Yorker, The New Republic, GQ, and the New York Times, wrote a book about Patrick Henry College entitled, "God's Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America", released September 10, 2007.[16] Additionally, the college's moot court team is the subject of an independent feature film being produced by Advent Film Group, a startup Christian production company. The film will be marketed primarily to a homeschooling audience, with production already completed and release planned for Spring 2008.[17]

[edit] Accreditation

The school is nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, which announced its decision to grant full accreditation on April 17, 2007.[18] The college previously suffered a setback in the spring of 2002 when it was refused accreditation by the American Academy for Liberal Education because of its requirement that faculty teach in favor of creationism.[19] Likewise, the college filed for preliminary accreditation with the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), the principal accreditation institution for the Southeast, but then stopped pursuing accreditation from the association.[20] On June 30, 2005, the school was officially recognized by the United States Department of Education as an eligible institution for DOE programs. It also allowed students to use more scholarships and grants and made donors and students eligible for various tax benefits.[21]

[edit] Administrative and faculty changes

In a dispute in March 2006, five of the college's sixteen faculty members—Erik Root, Robert Stacey, Kevin Culberson, Todd Bates, and David Noe—resigned in protest, claiming that the President's interpretation of the college's Biblical Worldview policy, which all faculty must sign, restricted academic freedom.[22][23] All resulting faculty vacancies were filled by the beginning of the fall 2006 semester.[24]

Farris announced his resignation as president of the college on March 6, 2006, to take on a new role as chancellor. Graham Walker, formerly of Oklahoma Wesleyan University, was named the new president on April 3. Farris' resignation took effect once Walker assumed the role and responsibilities of president in July 2006.

In April 2006, the college named author and educator Gene Edward Veith as Academic Dean. Formerly the cultural editor of WORLD Magazine, Veith began his new position on July 1, 2006.[22][25] As part of multiple structural and administrative changes implemented in November 2006, Veith was appointed to the position of provost and oversees the departments of Academic Affairs and Student Life.

Founders Hall and Patrick Henry Circle
Founders Hall and Patrick Henry Circle

[edit] Religious affirmations

All students sign a Statement of Faith before they arrive, affirming belief in what the college considers core Christian doctrines. For example, students are asked to acknowledge "Satan exists as a personal, malevolent being who acts as tempter and accuser, for whom Hell, the place of eternal punishment, was prepared, where all who die outside of Christ shall be confined in conscious torment for eternity", and that "Christ's death provides substitutionary atonement for our sins."[26] The college has non-denominational Christian beliefs.

Teaching faculty must also sign a statement of faith and "Biblical Worldview"[27] stating that they believe that the Bible is the authoritative word of God. This includes the Young Earth interpretation of Genesis. The claims of both evolution and creation are part of the curriculum at Patrick Henry, though the college's official position on the issue is that six-day creation is "both biblically true and is the best fit to observed data".[27] New Scientist, a science publication, has claimed that Patrick Henry College and the homeschooling community in general are "possibly threatening the public school system that has fought hard against imposing a Christian viewpoint on science teaching."[5] The New Scientist article protests what its author views as false scientific teaching in that, while the claims of macroevolution are presented in the classroom, those claims are typically viewed from a critical perspective.

In a recent radio phone in to Fresh Air on National Public Radio,[28] the former president of Patrick Henry College, Michael Farris, commented that the college held the view that its faith was the only true faith and path to heaven, and expressed disapproval of certain views of religious toleration. Concerns were expressed that this viewpoint was a threat to American democracy, considering that the Founding Fathers of America made no mention of a particular religion in their original documents.[29]

On April 12, 2007, Soulforce, a group advocating the acceptance of a variety of sexual practices, selected Patrick Henry College as the location for one of the group's stops on its annual "Equality Ride", the purpose of which is to protest the stance of conservative Christian colleges concerning homosexuality. Like many other Christian colleges, Patrick Henry did not allow Soulforce to enter the university premises, though the college did offer to send student representatives to conduct a formal debate at a neutral location on the merits of the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.[30] Soulforce organizers declined this offer and notified the college of their intent to enter the campus to speak directly with students. When the college again refused to allow the group on campus, Soulforce formed a picket line outside the entrance to the campus, where they protested for approximately five hours before leaving because of inclement weather.[31] The protest was largely peaceful and without incident, though two protesters were peacefully arrested for trespassing after attempting to enter the campus.[32][15][33]

[edit] Campus

Red Hill
Red Hill
Patrick Henry College Residential Village
Patrick Henry College Residential Village

Patrick Henry College is located in the town of Purcellville in rural northern Virginia, approximately 40 miles northwest of Washington D.C. The campus currently consists of six buildings arranged around a retention pond popularly called "Lake Bob",[34] as well as several athletic fields. The largest and most prominent structure, Founders Hall, opened in 2000 and contains three classrooms, a dining hall, a library, a weight room, and various administrative and faculty offices. It is also home to the offices of the Home School Legal Defense Association.

The school's residential village is composed of five residence halls located along the edges of the lake. There are two men's dorms (Red Hill and Oak Hill) and three women's dorms (Mount Vernon, Monticello, and Montpelier). The four smaller dorms opened in 2001, while the largest residence hall, Red Hill, opened in 2003.[35] In addition to student housing, Red Hill also contains three classrooms and an office suite on its basement level. Located in the basement of Mount Vernon is an auditorium referred to as Town Hall, where the school's daily chapel sessions and other special events are held.

The college is currently in the process of constructing a 105,000-square-foot Student Life Center, which when completed will house a new food court, an indoor gymnasium and running track, and multiple other athletic facilities. Construction of the building's superstructure began in late November 2006.[36]

[edit] Academics

Students at the school can specialize within one of two tracks of study: Government or Classical Liberal Arts. The Government department offers majors in Government and the option to specialize in Domestic Policy, International Policy, Political Theory, Strategic Intelligence, or an "undeclared general" government track. Patrick Henry College also offers a degree in Journalism, while the Classical Liberal Arts department offer degrees in Classical Liberal Arts Education, History, and Literature.

The Government department's Public Policy degree was the first one offered by the college, and is still largely seen as its "flagship" program, with close connections to the George W. Bush administration, Washington, DC Republicans, and conservative think tanks and organizations. In late November 2006, the school announced plans to split this track into separate domestic and foreign policy tracks.

The college has a 100% placement rate among graduates who have applied to law school, with the majority of students receiving admission to first tier law schools, such as Georgetown University Law Center and University of Virginia Law School,[37] including two students who have been accepted to Harvard Law School.[38] Patrick Henry College is currently accredited through the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools, a federally-recognized accrediting agency. On January 24, 2007, the school successfully completed an on-site review by a TRACS assessment team, and was granted full accreditation in April.[39][40]

Patrick Henry offers many of its core classes online, utilizing ANGEL technology. ANGEL is an online program which hosts chats, forums, uploads, and email for students. This website enables students to participate in a class with other students from their own homes. Tuition for the program is less than the cost of on-campus education.

[edit] Faculty

Of the twenty-five full-time professors, twenty-one have at least one Ph.D.; and one is a candidate for the Ph.D.[41][42] and was a Fulbright Award recipient.[43] One professor has a D.M.A., another holds an Ed.D., and the college's founder and chancellor, Mike Farris, has a J.D.[1] Several of the faculty are well known having authored multiple books and been involved in national and global issues. These professors include chancellor Mike Farris who has authored several novels and critiques of constitutional law, and has argued numerous cases before federal and state high courts, as well as the United States Supreme Court. Provost Gene Edward Veith is the author of seventeen books on topics involving Christianity and culture, classical education, literature, and the arts; and is the culture editor of World (magazine).[41] Recent faculty addition John Warwick Montgomery has distinguished himself by specializing in religious freedom in global human rights cases.[44] Finally, best-selling author David Aikman was a journalist for Time magazine for twenty-three years.[41]

[edit] Political views

Patrick Henry College has been criticized for what some see as extreme conservatism and evangelical Christian ethos, including creationism and its pro-life stance by many newspapers such as the New Zealand Herald[3] New Scientist.[5] The school has also been criticized for an alleged Republican bias[45] with a New Zealand journalist criticising the college for its connections to the Bush administration.[3] Janet Ashcroft, wife of John Ashcroft, serves on the Board of Trustees.[46] This has prompted the British newspaper The Independent to dub Patrick Henry College "The Bible College That Leads to the White House."[47]

Artist's rendering of the Barbara Hodel student center building
Artist's rendering of the Barbara Hodel student center building

[edit] Civic involvement

Patrick Henry College's educational model emphasizes both a firm grounding in classical liberal arts and active hands-on experience in students' areas of study. As a result, it encourages students to participate in off-campus activities and real-world activism outside the college experience. Government students are required to fulfill up to 24 credits of apprenticeship projects, which include internships, research and writing projects, and extracurricular activities such as Moot Court and Model United Nations.[48] Students currently serve as interns in a wide variety of organizations, including the White House, congressional offices, and think-tanks. Students are active in local and national politics, and members of the Patrick Henry College Republicans chapter often work with local political action groups to lobby for conservative issues at the federal and state levels. Classes are canceled the Monday before and Tuesday of the national elections so that students may volunteer on political campaigns if they so choose; and many students act as Student Action Team leaders for Generation Joshua, leading groups of usually homeschooled high school students volunteering on campaigns across the United States. A number of students volunteer with the Purcellville Rescue Squad and The Vibe (formerly known as the Purcellville Teen Center).[49]

[edit] Student life

A male student is dunked in Lake Bob after announcing his engagement.
A male student is dunked in Lake Bob after announcing his engagement.

As of November 2006, The Student Life Department is presided over by Administrative Dean for Student Life, Sandra Corbitt, and falls under the authority of the Provost. The college has many rules of behavior typical of conservative, religious colleges. Students may not show public displays of affection in college buildings. Students may not have sex outside of marriage, or use alcohol or tobacco while under the authority of the college, which is defined as any time during a semester while enrolled, on or off campus. Men and women are not allowed in each others' dorm rooms, and underclassmen are subject to a curfew. Firearms are prohibited on campus.[50] The college has a number of traditions rooted in dorm life, including "bobtisms"--a portmanteau of Baptism and "Lake Bob", in which newly-affianced males are dunked.[51]

Dancing is not allowed on campus, but students hold several school dances off-campus, including the annual spring Liberty Ball, usually held at a historic Civil War era manor or plantation. The first Liberty Ball, held during Patrick Henry College's inaugural year on the anniversary of Patrick Henry's famous "Give me liberty or give me death" speech of March 23, 1775, was organized by a parent and has since been assumed by student coordinators.[52] Another popular dance is the annual fall hoedown, which is a student sponsored barn dance which usually occurs in mid fall.[53]

Students are active in multiple campus clubs including the College Republicans, Eden Troupe (which produces regular stage dramas), the Streaming Media Network (which produces student films), and several philosophical and literary societies. Students also participate in the school's student government, which consists of a student senate composed of approximately 25 members, elected every fall semester; and a student president and vice president who run as a ticket and are elected every spring semester. Though it serves primarily as an advisory body to the college administration, it does have limited powers to enact campus policies and is considered an important part of life at Patrick Henry College.[54]

Patrick Henry College has brought multiple trophies in every category that they compete in NEDA debate.
Patrick Henry College has brought multiple trophies in every category that they compete in NEDA debate.

[edit] Debate

Debate is one of Patrick Henry College's primary extracurricular activities. The college is active in the National Educational Debate Association (NEDA), where students have consistently won many of the top awards at tournaments around the country.[55] The school is also active in the much larger invitational National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence (NPTE), though they have not been as successful on the national circuit.[56][57][58] However, another large national tournament that Patrick Henry College is involved in is the National Parliamentary Debate Association, which is America's largest college debate organization. Patrick Henry College also won the first place team trophy in the novice division at one regional tournament in 2003, against schools such as Purdue, University of South Carolina, Ball State, and Notre Dame.[59]

Students also compete in the American Collegiate Moot Court Association (ACMA), and had the winning teams at both the 2005 and 2006 ACMA National Tournaments. Moot court is a form of debate competition designed to simulate appellate arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, in which teams of two students function as co-counsels and stand before a panel of judges to argue legal matters. Patrick Henry College won the ACMA National Tournaments back-to-back years in 2004 and 2005.[60][61] In 2005, Patrick Henry College not only won first overall but also won second, third, and fifth place, a feat that had never before been accomplished in ACMA history.[60][61] In 2006, the college took home the most trophies out of any school for the fifth straight year.[60] In a much publicized event during the 2004-2005 academic year, Patrick Henry College's moot court team defeated that of Oxford University's Balliol College in two separate competitions — one held in England using British law, and the other in Virginia using American law.[4]

[edit] Athletics

PHC's Basketball Court
PHC's Basketball Court

Patrick Henry College competes as the Sentinels, fielding intercollegiate teams in men's and women's soccer and basketball, and is a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) and the Shenandoah-Chesapeake Conference. Students also participate in various intramural sports including softball, volleyball, fencing, and ultimate frisbee. Patrick Henry's Student Handbook states, "Our intercollegiate athletic program will always be secondary to our academic program,".[50]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Academic Catalog Retrieved on: May 25, 2007
  2. ^ a b Rosin, Hanna (September 3, 2000). From Home to Harvard. TIME. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  3. ^ a b c Buncombe, Andrew. "Thou shalt be like Bush", New Zealand Herald, 2004-05-01. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. 
  4. ^ a b "Patrick Henry College Defeats Oxford Moot Court Team Again," Craig Smith, Patrick Henry College, March 28, 2005 Retrieved on: May 25, 2007
  5. ^ a b c Gefter, Amanda. "Home-schooling special: Preach your children well", New Scientist, 2006-11-11. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. 
  6. ^ "Patrick Henry College: White, Bright, and Christian" (October 31, 2001). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (33): 67. doi:10.2307/2678918. 
  7. ^ How Can I Support PHC. Retrieved on 2007-05-30.
  8. ^ Smith, J. Michael. "Patrick Henry College Gains Notice", Washington Times Op-ed, 2006-06-06. Retrieved on 2007-06-02. 
  9. ^ Financial Aid. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
  10. ^ Rosin, Hanna (September 3, 2000). God and Country. The New Yorker. Retrieved on 2007-08-08.
  11. ^ Dreaming of spires; The next stage. (What home-schoolers do next)”, The Economist, February 28, 2004, <http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-113730963.html>. Retrieved on 8 August 2007 
  12. ^ a b Kirkpatrick, David D. "College for the Home-Schooled Is Shaping Leaders for the Right", New York Times, March 8, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. 
  13. ^ God's Next Army. Chanel 4. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
  14. ^ Distinctives and Nonnegotiable Principles. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  15. ^ a b Rosin, Hanna (April 13, 2007). Young, Gay Christians On a Bumpy Bus Ride. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  16. ^ Rosin, Hanna (September 2007). God's Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America. Harcourt Trade Publisher, 320 pp.. ISBN 9780151012626. Retrieved on 2007-09-17. 
  17. ^ Pride, Sarah. "Advent Films Brings Full-length Feature to College", Patrick Henry College, 2007-07-11. Retrieved on 2007-07-12. 
  18. ^ Halbrook, David (April 17, 2007). TRACS GRANTS PHC FULL ACCREDITATION STATUS. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  19. ^ PHC Appeals Discriminatory Accreditation. Patrick Henry College (May 9, 2002). Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  20. ^ Chandler, Michael Alison. "Christian Group Accredits School", Washington Post, April 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. 
  21. ^ Kiser, Michael (July 18, 2005). Ruling Opens Up Tax Benefits to PHC Parents. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  22. ^ a b Lawton, Kim (May 26, 2006). Interview: Erik Root. Religion & Ethics Newsweekly (PBS). PBS. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  23. ^ Henessy-Fiske, Molly (May 13, 2006). A Clash of Ideas at Evangelical College. 5 of Patrick Henry's 16 faculty members leave over its mission and curriculum. LA Times. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  24. ^ Halbrook, David (May 28, 2006). Faculty Positions at PHC Filled. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  25. ^ Halbrook, David (May 10, 2006). Patrick Henry College Names New Academic Dean. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  26. ^ Statement of Faith. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  27. ^ a b Statement of Biblical Worldview. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  28. ^ Halbrook, David (June 22), Dr. Farris Appears on NPR’s “Fresh Air”, Patrick Henry College, <http://www.phc.edu/news/docs/06022006Media.asp>. Retrieved on 1 June 2007 
  29. ^ Clooney, Nick. "Tolerance Collides with Intolerance", Op-Ed, Cincinnati Post, June 9, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-05-30. 
  30. ^ Halbrook, David. ""Soulforce Equality Ride" Targets PHC", Patrick Henry College, 2007-04-09. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. 
  31. ^ "2007 Equality Ride East Bus Route: Patrick Henry College," retrieved 16 January 2009.
  32. ^ Halbrook, David. ""Soulforce Equality Ride" Passes Peacefully", Patrick Henry College, 2007-04-13. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. 
  33. ^ Jackson, Charlie. "Two Arrested As Gay Rights Group Gathers At Patrick Henry College", Patrick Henry College, 2007-04-12. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. 
  34. ^ Copeland, Libby. "Higher Yearning: At Patrick Henry College, Home-Schooled Students Learn to Confront the World", Washington Post, November 27, 2001, p. Page C01. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 
  35. ^ Dorm Life. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
  36. ^ Halbrook, David. "New Student Life Center Underway", Patrick Henry College, March 12, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 
  37. ^ Are You Considering Law School After College. Patrick Henry College (as saved by the Internet Archive on February 7, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
  38. ^ Braund, Allison. "PHC Grad Accepted to Harvard Law", Patrick Henry College, May 1, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. 
  39. ^ Halbrook, David. "TRACS Completes PHC Accreditation Site Review", Patrick Henry College, January 25, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. 
  40. ^ Halbrook, David. "PHC Granted Accreditation by TRACS", Patrick Henry College, April 17, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. ]
  41. ^ a b c Department of Classical Liberal Arts Professors. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
  42. ^ Department of Government Professors. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
  43. ^ "2005-2006 Fulbright Awards - Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs U.S. Dept. of State" 2005-06.
  44. ^ Halbrook, David. "Renowned Apologist John Warwick Montgomery Joins PHC Faculty", Patrick Henry College, July 31, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-08-04. 
  45. ^ "Patrick Henry College's Michael Farris", Fresh Air from WHYY, 2006-05-24. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 
  46. ^ Patrick Henry College Board of Trustees. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  47. ^ The Bible College That Leads to the White House Andrew Buncombe, Originally published on April 21, 2004 by the Independent/UK
  48. ^ Bachelor of Arts in the Government Major. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  49. ^ Volunteering at The Vibe at Purcellville Teen Center. Purcellville Teen Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  50. ^ a b "2006 Student Handbook", Patrick Henry College, pp. 60. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 
  51. ^ Dark Lord of Debate (September 25, 2005). Izzy's Bobtism. HomeSchoolDebate Forum. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
  52. ^ Social Activities - Liberty Ball. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-08-08.
  53. ^ Social Activities - Hoedown. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-08-08.
  54. ^ Student Government. Patrick Henry College. Retrieved on 2007-08-08.
  55. ^ Halbrook, David. "PHC Debate Team Dominates Early Contests", Patrick Henry College, 2006-12-4. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. 
  56. ^ 2007 NPTE Ranking Ordered By NPTE Points. National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  57. ^ 2006 NPTE Ranking Ordered By NPTE Points. National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  58. ^ 2005 NPTE Ranking Ordered By NPTE Points. National Parliamentary Tournament of Excellence. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
  59. ^ "Debate Team Triumphs Again" (Fall 2003). The Trumpet Monthly - Patrick Henry College Volume 3 (No. 4). 
  60. ^ a b c Farris, Mike. "Letter from the Chancellor", Trumpet of Liberty (Patrick Henry College), Spring, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. 
  61. ^ a b Smith, Craig. "PHC Moot Court Team Defends National Championship", Patrick Henry College, January 24, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. 

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