Pashtunization
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Pashtunization refers to the forced settling of Pashtun groups onto lands formerly belonging to other tribes[1] or more broadly the erosion of the customs, traditions and language of non-Pashtun peoples due to the political and cultural power of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan.[2] Pashtunization began as early as the 18th century under Ahmad Shah Durrani,[1] although some[3] cite the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan (in 19th century), and has continued up to today. More recent attempts of Pashtunization were made by the Taliban regime[4].
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Meri, Josef W. (2006). "Sedentarism", Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis, 713. ISBN 0-415-96691-4. in reference to the Duranni Empire citing Grötzbach, Erwin (1990) Afghanistan: eine geographische Landeskunde Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, ISBN 3-534-06886-6
- ^ Lansford, Tom (2003) A Bitter Harvest: US foreign policy and Afghanistan Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, England, ISBN 0-7546-3615-1, page 16: "The modern history of Afghanistan has witnessed a "Pashtunization" of the state as the customs, traditions and language of the Pashtuns have combined with the groups political power to erode the distinctive underpinnings of Afghanistan's other groups.FN20". FN20 cites: US, Department of the Army, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. reprint (Washington, DC.: GPO, 1985) page 108.
- ^ O. Roy, Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan, in Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, 1992, ISBN 0-8223-1190-9.
- ^ United States, Committee on International Relations, Congress, House (2003). United States Policy in Afghanistan: Current Issues in Reconstruction. United States: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.. “Communities resisting 'Pashtunization' were 'infidels', their leaders 'warlords' or worse. While the Taliban enjoyed enormous public support in their ... ”
