Parvalbumin

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parvalbumin
Identifiers
Symbol PVALB
Entrez 5816
HUGO 9704
OMIM 168890
RefSeq NM_002854
UniProt P20472
Other data
Locus Chr. 22 q12-q13.1

Parvalbumin is a calcium binding albumin protein.

It has three EF hand motifs and is structurally related to calmodulin and troponin C. Parvalbumin is localised in fast-contracting muscles, where its levels are highest, and in the brain and some endocrine tissues.

Contents

[edit] Neuronal role of parvalbumin

Parvalbumin is present in GABAergic interneurons in the nervous system, predominantly expressed by chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. In the hippocampus, PV+ interneurons are subdivided into basket, axo-axonic, bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells, each subtype targeting distinct domains of pyramidal cells.[1] Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). Most of the PV interneurons are fast-spiking. They are also thought to give rise to gamma waves recorded in EEG.

PV-expressing interneurons represent approximately 25% of GABA cells in the primate DLPFC.[2][3] Other calcium-binding protein markers are calretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) and calbindin. Interneurons are also divided into subgroups by the expression of neuropeptides (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin).

[edit] Role in pathology

Decreased PV and GAD67 expression was found in PV+ GABAergic interneurons in schizophrenia.[4]

PV has been identified as an allergen causing seafood allergy.[5]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Klausberger T, Marton LF, O'Neill J, Huck JH, Dalezios Y, Fuentealba P, Suen WY, Papp E, Kaneko T, Watanabe M, Csicsvari J, Somogyi P (2005). "Complementary roles of cholecystokinin- and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in hippocampal network oscillations". J. Neurosci. 25 (42): 9782–93. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3269-05.2005. PMID 16237182. free full text
  2. ^ Condé F, Lund JS, Jacobowitz DM, Baimbridge KG, Lewis DA (1994). "Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology". J. Comp. Neurol. 341 (1): 95–116. doi:10.1002/cne.903410109. PMID 8006226. 
  3. ^ Gabbott PL, Bacon SJ (1996). "Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey: II. Quantitative areal and laminar distributions". J. Comp. Neurol. 364 (4): 609–36. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960122)364:4<609::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 8821450. 
  4. ^ Hashimoto T, Volk DW, Eggan SM, Mirnics K, Pierri JN, Sun Z, Sampson AR, Lewis DA (2003). "Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia". J. Neurosci. 23 (15): 6315–26. PMID 12867516.  free full text
  5. ^ Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Verdino P, Keller W, Sperr WR, Valent P, Valenta R, Spitzauer S (2002). "Recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy". J. Immunol. 168 (9): 4576–84. PMID 11971005. 

[edit] External links

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