Party of National Brotherhood

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The Party of National Brotherhood (Hizb al-Ikha al-Watani or HIW) was an Iraqi political party formed in 1931 by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani. A strongly nationalist party, it became associated with opposition to the British Empire.

HIW was formed in 1931 as a merger between the minor National and Peoples parties and other like-minded nationalist groups^[1]. The new party soon gained the support Jam'iyat Ashab al-San'a (Artisans' Society), the largest trade union in Iraq^[2]. The party held its first meeting in Baghdad in March of the same year, attracting 2000 followers to a rally where they called for a new government and a redefinition of the relationship between Iraq and the United Kingdom^[3]. In order to demonstrate its importance the party organised strikes in July, although there was no direct political motive behind the move, other than showing that the HIW had support^[4].

The party formed a pact with the Nationalist Party in 1932 and used this to gain influence in the Iraqi parliament.^[5] With this influence secured they forced out the government of Naji Shawkat and soon established an HIW government, despite the fact that the majority of the chamber had been elected on an anti-HIW ticket.^[6] However the initial government was not to last long as advisors close to the new king Ghazi convinced him that the HIW government was responsible for tribal unrest. As such the government was removed and al-Kaylani and his right-hand man Yasin Pasha were to be excluded from future governments.^[7] This remained the case for future HIW administrations, although al-Kaylani returned to the top job after Ghazi's death.

[edit] Governments

During the Kingdom of Iraq period that party supplied the Prime Minister on five occasions. Those governments identified as Party of National Brotherhood were:

• Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, March 20, 1933-November 9, 1933
• Yasin al-Hashimi, March 17, 1935-October 30, 1936 (partnership with the military)
• Hikmat Sulayman, October 30, 1936-August 17, 1937
• Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, March 31, 1940-February 3, 1941
• Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, April 13, 1941-May 30, 1941^[8]

[edit] References