Partition (politics)
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In politics, a partition is a change of political borders cutting through at least one community’s homeland. That change is done primarily via diplomatic means, and use of military force is negligible.[citation needed]
Common arguments for partitions include:
- historicist - that partition is inevitable, or is already happening, this argument is related to historicism
- last resort - that partition should be pursued to avoid the worst outcomes (genocide or largescale ethnic expulsions), if other means fail
- cost-benefit - that partition offers, on balance, a better prospect of conflict reduction than the maintenance of the existing borders
- better tomorrow - that there will be a reduction in actual violence and conflict recurrence, and that the new more homogenized polities that emerge will have better prospects for the peaceful development in future
- rigorous end - heterogeneity in cultures is bad, homogeneous states should be the goal of any policy[citation needed]
[edit] Examples
Notable examples (see also Category:Partition) are:
- Partition of Prussia by the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466[1] [2] creating Royal Prussia, and Duchy of Prussia in 1525[3]
- In the 1757 Second Treaty of Versailles, France agreed upon the partition of Prussia[4]
- Partition of Prussia in 1919[5]
- German occupation of Czechoslovakia[6] and Munich Agreement of 1938
- Partition and Elimination[7] of East Prussia[8] among People's Republic of Poland and Soviet Union[9]
- Three Partitions of Luxembourg, the last of which in 1839, that divided Luxembourg between France, Prussia, Belgium, and the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
- Three Partitions of Poland and Poland-Lithuania in the 18th, with the fourth one sometimes referring to events of 19th and 20th centuries
- 1905 Partition of Bengal and 1947 Partition of Bengal
- Partition of Tyrol by the London Pact of 1915
- Partition of the German Empire in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles
- Partition of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in 1919 by the Treaty of St. Germain
- Partition of Ireland in 1920 into the independent Irish Free State and (British) Northern Ireland
- Treaty of Kars of 1921, which partitioned Ottoman Armenia between the republic of Turkey and the then Soviet Union (Western and Eastern Armenia)
- Partition of Germany and Berlin after World War II, annexation of Former eastern territories of Germany
- Partition of Korea in 1945
- 1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine (region)
- Partition of India (colonial British India) in 1947 into the independent dominions (later republics) of India and Pakistan (which included modern day Bangladesh)
- Partition of Korea in 1953
- Partition of Punjab in 1966 into the states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh
- Partition of Pakistan in 1971, when East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation War
- Partition of Vietnam in 1954
- The hypothetical partition of the Canadian province of Quebec
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Norman Davies: God's Playground [1]
- ^ Stephen R. Turnbull, Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights [2]
- ^ Elements of General History: Ancient and Modern, by Millot (Claude François Xavier) [3]
- ^ Arthur Hassall, The Balance of Power. 1715 - 1789 [4]
- ^ Norman Davies: God's Playground [5]
- ^ The Polish Occupation. Czechoslovakia was, of course, mutilated not only by Germany. Poland and Hungary also each asked for their share - Hubert Ripka: Munich, Before and After: A Fully Documented Czechoslovak Account of the ..., 1939 [6]
- ^ Samuel Leonard Sharp: Poland, White Eagle on a Red Field, [7]
- ^ Norman Davies: God's Playground [8]
- ^ Debates of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada [9]
- Brendan O’Leary, DEBATING PARTITION: JUSTIFICATIONS AND CRITIQUES