Parti Québécois Crisis, 1984
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The Parti Québécois Crisis of 1984 was one of the most severe internal party crises in Quebec politics.
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[edit] Origins
In September 1984, Progressive Conservative politician Brian Mulroney became Prime Minister of Canada, with the backing of many Parti Québécois (PQ) supporters. Tensions erupted between the so-called radical supporters of the Parti Québécois and the more moderate ones over their leader René Lévesque’s decisions to:
- shift toward a more conciliatory approach with the federal government over constitutional issues (a policy known as beau risque);
- put the promotion of sovereignty on the back burner.
In November 1984, six PQ MNAs resigned from the Cabinet. They were soon followed by other legislators who crossed the floor to sit as Independents. [1]
[edit] Consequences
The PQ’s majority at the legislature, which had started the term with 80 MNAs, almost completely vanished. Only 60 MNAs belonged to the PQ by the end of the term. On June 3, 1985, the PQ lost a series of four by-elections, managing to finished third in the district of L’Assomption, behind Progressive Conservative Leader André Asselin, with only 20% of the vote.
Eventually, the incident resulted in the resignation of Premier René Lévesque himself. In September 1985, a party leadership election chose Pierre Marc Johnson, another moderate, as his successor.
However, the PQ lost the 1985 election and by 1987, the party’s radical wing pressured Johnson into quitting. Radicals were able to get Jacques Parizeau, one of their own, to take over the leadership of the party.
[edit] Defectors
The defectors were:
Members of the Cabinet are indicated with bold fonts.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Point de Mire sur René Lévesque, Épisode 10 : Le départ, Radio-Canada
- ^ Jérôme Proulx crossed the floor again to sit with the PQ in December 1984
