Paralichthyidae

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Large-tooth flounders
Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Pleuronectiformes Family: Paralichthyidae
Genera
Ancylopsetta Cephalopsetta Citharichthys Cyclopsetta Etropus Gastropsetta Hippoglossina Paralichthys Pseudorhombus Syacium Tarphops Tephrinectes Thysanopsetta Xystreurys See text for species.

Large-tooth flounders are a family, Paralichthyidae, of flounders.^[1] They lie on the sea bed on their right side; both eyes are on the left side of the head.

They are found in temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Several species are important commercial and game fishes, notably the California halibut, Paralichthys californicus and the Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus.

[edit] Species

There are 115 species in 14 genera:^[1][2]

• Genus Ancylopsetta
  • Ancylopsetta antillarum Gutherz, 1966.
  • Cyclope flounder, Ancylopsetta cycloidea Tyler, 1959.
  • Three-spot flounder, Ancylopsetta dendritica Gilbert, 1890.
  • Three-eye flounder, Ancylopsetta dilecta
  • Foureyed flounder, Ancylopsetta kumperae Tyler, 1959.
  • Ancylopsetta microctenus Gutherz, 1966.
  • Gulf of Mexico ocellated flounder, Ancylopsetta ommata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883).
• Genus Cephalopsetta
  • Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus Dutt & Rao, 1965.
• Genus Citharichthys
  • Veracruz whiff, Citharichthys abbotti Dawson, 1969.
  • Citharichthys amblybregmatus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970.
  • Gulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons Goode, 1880.
  • Sand whiff, Citharichthys arenaceus Evermann & Marsh, 1900.
  • Horned whiff, Citharichthys cornutus (Günther, 1880).
  • Spined whiff, Citharichthys dinoceros Goode & Bean, 1886.
  • Gulf sanddab, Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert, 1890.
  • Bigmouth sanddab, Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins & Evermann, 1889.
  • Citharichthys gnathus Hoshino & Amaoka, 1999.
  • Mimic sandab, Citharichthys gordae Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938.
  • Anglefin whiff, Citharichthys gymnorhinus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970.
  • Spotted whiff, Citharichthys macrops Dresel, 1885.
  • Five-rayed sanddab, Citharichthys mariajorisae van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995.
  • Citharichthys minutus Cervigón, 1982.
  • Small sandab, Citharichthys platophrys Gilbert, 1891.
  • Pacific sanddab, Citharichthys sordidus (Girard, 1854).
  • Bay whiff, Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862.
  • Smooth flounder, Citharichthys stampflii (Steindachner, 1894).
  • Speckled sanddab, Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
  • Citharichthys surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
  • Voodoo whiff, Citharichthys uhleri Jordan, 1889.
  • Citharichthys valdezi Cervigón, 1986.
  • Longfin sanddab, Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert, 1890.
• Genus Cyclopsetta
  • Mexican flounder, Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895.
  • Cyclopsetta decussata Gunter, 1946.
  • Spotfin flounder, Cyclopsetta fimbriata (Goode & Bean, 1885).
  • God's flounder, Cyclopsetta panamensis (Steindachner, 1876).
  • Toothed flounder, Cyclopsetta querna (Jordan & Bollman, 1890).
• Genus Etropus
  • Fringed flounder, Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
  • Shelf flounder, Etropus cyclosquamus Leslie & Stewart, 1986.
  • Etropus delsmani delsmani Chabanaud, 1940.
  • Delsman's flounder, Etropus delsmani pacificus Nielsen, 1963.
  • Sole flounder, Etropus ectenes Jordan, 1889.
  • Etropus intermedius Norman, 1933.
  • Etropus longimanus Norman, 1933.
  • Smallmouth flounder, Etropus microstomus (Gill, 1864).
  • Peruvian flounder, Etropus peruvianus Hildebrand, 1946.
  • Gray flounder, Etropus rimosus Goode & Bean, 1885.

• Genus Gastropsetta
  • Shrimp flounder, Gastropsetta frontalis Bean, 1895.
• Genus Hippoglossina
  • Spotted flounder, Hippoglossina bollmani Gilbert, 1890.
  • Bigeye flounder, Hippoglossina macrops (Dresel, 1885).
  • Hippoglossina montemaris de Buen, 1961.
  • Hippoglossina mystacium Ginsburg, 1936.
  • American fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815).
  • Bigmouth flounder, Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890.
  • Fourspot flounder, Hippoglossina tetrophthalma (Gilbert, 1890).
• Genus Paralichthys
  • Fine flounder, Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867).
  • Cortez flounder, Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield, 1898.
  • Gulf flounder, Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
  • Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani, 1842).
  • California halibut, Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859).
  • Paralichthys coeruleosticta Steindachner, 1898.
  • Paralichthys delfini Pequeño & Plaza, 1987.
  • Summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766).
  • Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner, 1903.
  • Paralichthys hilgendorfii Steindachner, 1903.
  • Paralichthys isosceles Jordan, 1891.
  • Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884.
  • Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881).
  • Bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
  • Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1842).
  • Patagonian flounder, Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan, 1889.
  • Paralichthys schmitti Ginsburg, 1933.
  • Broad flounder, Paralichthys squamilentus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
  • Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903.
  • Tropical flounder, Paralichthys tropicus Ginsburg, 1933.
  • Speckled flounder, Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897.
• Genus Pseudorhombus
  • Ringed flounder, Pseudorhombus annulatus Norman, 1927.
  • Peacock flounder, Pseudorhombus argus Weber, 1913.
  • Largetooth flounder, Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822).
  • Pseudorhombus binii Tortonese, 1955.
  • Cinnamon flounder, Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
  • Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis (Oshima, 1927).
  • Four twin-spot flounder, Pseudorhombus diplospilus Norman, 1926.
  • Ocellated flounder, Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus Regan, 1905.
  • Deep flounder, Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912.
  • Javan flounder, Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853).
  • Small-toothed flounder, Pseudorhombus jenynsii (Bleeker, 1855).
  • Pseudorhombus levisquamis (Oshima, 1927).
  • Malayan flounder, Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker, 1865.
  • Pseudorhombus megalops Fowler, 1934.
  • Pseudorhombus micrognathus Norman, 1927.
  • Natal flounders, Pseudorhombus natalensis Gilchrist, 1904.
  • Pseudorhombus neglectus Bleeker, 1865.
  • Pseudorhombus oculocirris Amaoka, 1969.
  • Roughscale flounder, Pseudorhombus oligodon (Bleeker, 1854).
  • Fivespot flounder, Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus Günther, 1862.
  • Pseudorhombus polyspilos (Bleeker, 1853).
  • Five-eyed flounder, Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus Weber & de Beaufort, 1929.
  • Pseudorhombus russellii (Gray, 1834).
  • Spiny flounder, Pseudorhombus spinosus McCulloch, 1914.
  • Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum (Waite, 1899).
  • Three spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903).
• Genus Syacium
  • Syacium guineensis (Bleeker, 1862).
  • Shoal flounder, Syacium gunteri Ginsburg, 1933.
  • Beach flounder, Syacium latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).
  • Longfin flounder, Syacium longidorsale Murakami & Amaoka, 1992.
  • Clearspot flounder, Syacium maculiferum (Garman, 1899).
  • Channel flounder, Syacium micrurum Ranzani, 1842.
  • Oval flounder, Syacium ovale (Günther, 1864).
  • Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758).
    

    

    Dusky flounder, Syacium papillosum
• Genus Tarphops
  • Tarphops elegans Amaoka, 1969.
  • Tarphops oligolepis (Bleeker, 1858–1859).
• Genus Tephrinectes
  • Tephrinectes sinensis (Lacépède, 1802).
• Genus Thysanopsetta
  • Thysanopsetta naresi Günther, 1880.
• Genus Xystreurys
  • Fantail flounder, Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880.
  • Xystreurys rasile (Jordan, 1891).

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Paralichthyidae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
2. ^ Paralichthyidae (TSN 172714). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 2 April [[{{{year}}}]].