Panzerfaust
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| Panzerfaust | |
|---|---|
 Four Panzerfausts in original casing, on display at the Helsinki Military Museum |
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| Type | Man-portable anti-tank weapon |
| Place of origin |  Nazi Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1943 - 1945 |
| Used by | Nazi Germany Finland |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Produced | 1943 - 1945 |
| Number built | over 6 million (all variants) |
| Variants | Panzerfaust 30, 60, 100, 150, 250 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 5.1 kg (Panzerfaust 30) |
| Length | ~ 1 meter |
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| Caliber | 149 mm (Panzerfaust 30) |
| Effective range | 30 meters (Panzerfaust 30) |
The Panzerfaust (plural: Panzerfäuste, "armored fist" or "tank fist") was an inexpensive, recoilless German anti-tank weapon of World War II. It consisted of a small, disposable preloaded launch tube firing a shaped charge warhead. It replaced the earlier Faustpatrone in service, and remained until the end of the war in various versions. The Panzerfaust 150 variant was the basis for the development of the Soviet RPG-2 which in turn was developed into the RPG-7.
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[edit] Overview
Development began in 1942 on a larger version of the Faustpatrone. The resulting weapon was the Panzerfaust, a very simple weapon weighing only 5-10 kg. The body was a tube of low-grade steel, around a meter long and 4-6 cm in diameter. Attached to the upper-side of the tube were a simple rear sight and trigger. There was no front sight, the edge of the warhead was used. Inside the tube was a small charge of black powder for propellant. Fitted to the front of the tube by its wooden tail stem and metal fins was an oversized warhead, 15 cm in diameter and weighing 3 kg that contained about 800 grams of explosive.
The Panzerfaust often had warnings written in large red lettering on the upper rear end of the tube, the words usually being Achtung! Feuerstrahl! (Beware! Fire Jet!). This was to warn soldiers to avoid the backblast. After firing, the tube was discarded, making the Panzerfaust the first expendable anti-tank weapon. During the last stages of the war, many conscripts were given a Panzerfaust and nothing else, causing several German generals to comment sarcastically that the tubes could then be used as clubs[1]. The weapon was correctly fired from the crook of the arm and the shaped charge could penetrate up to 200 mm of steel, enough to defeat any armoured fighting vehicle of the period.[2]
In an urban setting where the short sight lines allowed the weapon to be easily used it proved particularly deadly, and knocked out large numbers of Soviet armored vehicles during the Battle of Berlin. The construction was so simple that they could be made in the city while it was under siege, allowing wheelbarrow loads of Panzerfausts to be delivered to the defenders.
Many Panzerfausts were sold to Finland, which made good use of them because the Finnish forces lacked anti-tank weapons that could easily destroy the toughest Soviet tanks, the T-34 and IS-2.
Some sources claim that the Soviet army made use of captured stocks of Panzerfausts, reportedly designated RPG-1, prior to the introduction of the RPG-2. [1]
The continuing development of the Panzerfaust resulted in several production variants.
[edit] Variants
- Panzerfaust 30 Klein
- The "Panzerfaust 30 Klein" (Klein meaning small) was the original version, first delivered in summer 1943. The "30" was indicative of the nominal maximum range of 30 meters. It had a 4.4 cm diameter tube containing 95 g of propellant which launched a 2.9 kg projectile carrying 800 grams of explosive. The projectile travelled at just 30 meters per second. It could penetrate 150mm of armor. The complete weapon weighed 3.25 kg.
- Panzerfaust 30
- An improved version of the Panzerfaust Klein appearing at the end of 1943, this version had a larger warhead for improved armor penetration (200mm) but the same range of 30 meters.
- Panzerfaust 60
- This was the most common version, and production started in August, 1944. It had a much more practical range of 60 meters, although with a muzzle velocity of only 45 meters per second it would take one and a third of a second for the warhead to reach a tank at this range. To achieve the higher velocity, the tube diameter was increased to 5 cm and 134 g of propellant used. It also had an improved sight and trigger mechanism. The weapon now weighed 6.1 kg. It could defeat 200mm of armor.
- Panzerfaust 100
- This was the final version produced in quantity, from November 1944 onwards. It had a nominal maximum range of 100 meters. 190 g of propellant launched the warhead at 60 meters per second from a 6 cm diameter tube. The sight had holes for 30, 60, 80 and 150 meters, and had luminous paint in them to make counting up to the correct one easier in the dark. This version weighed 6 kg and could penetrate 220mm of armor.
- Panzerfaust 150 and 250
- The Panzerfaust 150 was deployed in limited numbers near the end of the war, and was a greatly modified design. It had the same amount of propellant as the Panzerfaust 100 but a redesigned warhead and two stage propellant ignition gave it a higher velocity of 85 meters per second and increased the armor penetration. It was intended to be reused for up to ten shots, and production started in March 1945, two months before the end of the war.
- Panzerfaust 250 was planned to enter production in September 1945 but the war ended before development had been completed.
[edit] References
- ^ Simons, Gerald (1982), Victory in Europe, Time Life Books, ISBN 0809434067, p. 42
- ^ Bishop, Chris (1998), The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II, New York: Orbis Publiishing Ltd, ISBN 0-7607-1022-8.
[edit] See also
- Panzerfaust 3
- Shoulder-launched missile weapon
- List of common World War II infantry weapons
- List of World War II firearms of Germany
- Bazooka
- PIAT
[edit] External links
- Panzerfaust - WW II German Infantry Anti-Tank Weapons
- Contemporary U.S. Intelligence Report on German Hollow-Charge Weapons
- Finnish Panzerfaust manual
- Panzerfaust
- Panzerfaust 44 mm / leichte Panzerfaust
