Pano-Tacanan languages

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Tacana redirects here, for the Peruvian region see Tacna Region.

Pano-Tacanan (also Pano-Takana, Pano-Takánan, Pano-Tacana, Páno-Takána) is a family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, Bolivia and northern Paraguay.

Contents

[edit] Family division

Pano-Tacanan consists of 2 major branches, Panoan and Tacanan (Adelaar & Muysken 2004; Kaufman 1990, 1994). There are 33 Pano-Tacanan languages. (Note: the list below does not show internal branching.)

I. Panoan

1. Kaxararí also known as Kashararí)
2. Kulino (a.k.a. Culino) (†)
3. Nocamán (a.k.a. Nokamán) (†)
4. Cashibo (a.k.a. Cacataibo, Kashibo)
5. Pánobo (†)
6. Huariapano (a.k.a. Pano, Waripano) (†)
7. Shipibo (a.k.a. Shipibo-Conibo, Shipibo-Konibo)
8. Capanahua (a.k.a. Kapanawa)
9. Marubo (a.k.a. Marobo)
10. Waninnawa
11. Remo (a.k.a. Sakuya, Kukini) (†)
12. Tuxinawa (a.k.a. Tushinawa) (†)
13. Amahuaca (a.k.a. Amawaka)
14. Isconahua (a.k.a. Iscobakebo, Iskonawa)
15. Cashinahua (a.k.a. Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa)
16. Sharanawa (a.k.a. Marinahua, Mastanahua, Parquenahua)
17. Yaminahua (a.k.a. Yaminawa)
18. Atsahuaca (a.k.a. Yamiaca, Atsawaka-Yamiaka) (†)
19. Parannawa (†)
20. Puinaua (a.k.a. Poyanawa)
21. Xipinahua (a.k.a. Shipinawa) (†)
22. Karipuna
23. Pacahuara (a.k.a. Pacaguara, Pakaguara)
24. Chácobo (a.k.a. Chákobo)
25. Shaninawa (a.k.a. Xaninaua, Shanenawa, Xanenaua)
26. Sensi (†)
27. Mayoruna-Matsés (a.k.a. Matse, Matis, Majoruna)

II. Tacanan

28. Tacana (a.k.a. Tupamasa, Takana)
29. Reyesano (a.k.a. San Borjano, Maropa)
30. Araona (a.k.a. Carina, Cavina)
31. Cavineña (a.k.a. Kavinenya)
32. Ese’ejja (a.k.a. Ese’eha, Tiatinagua, Chama, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, Eseʔexa, Tatinawa, Ese exa)
33. Toromona (†)

Most Panoan languages are spoken in either Peru or western Brazil; a few are in Bolivia. All Tacanan languages are spoken in Bolivia (Ese’ejja is also spoken in Peru). Panoan has considerable sub-branching.

Kulino, Nocamán, Pánobo, Huariapano, Remo, Tuxinawa, Atsahuaca, Parannawa, Xipinahua, Sensi, and Toromona are now extinct (a total of 11 languages).

[edit] Genealogical relations

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Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.


[edit] External links

[edit] Bibliography

  • Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13-67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.
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