Pangeran Ratu

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Pangeran Ratu (d. 1651) was the ruler of Banten in Northwest Java, Indonesia, and was the first ruler anywhere on the island of Java to take the title of sultan, which he took in 1638, under the Arabic name Abulmafakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir. This set a precedent for Sultan Agung of Mataram soon afterwards to take the title himself.[1]

Pangeran Ratu reigned during a prosperous trading time, from which his empire gained considerable wealth; however it was also a period of increasing European influence in Western Java. In 1603, the first permanent trading post of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was established in Banten,[2] and in 1602 the English were also given a trading post there.[3] Jayakerta (modern Jakarta) was then a vassal of Banten, which both the English and Dutch sought for its natural harbor. Bantenese forces held the territory from both, until the VOC under Jan Pieterszoon Coen burned down the town and drove the Bantenese out, and renamed in Batavia.[4]

From 1633-1639 another war was fought with the Dutch, which ended with a vague ceasefire commitment. A treaty in 1645 clarified the situation, which held until the reign of Pangeran Ratu's successor, Ageng.[5]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Ricklefs, 47
  2. ^ Ricklefs, 28
  3. ^ Ricklefs, 29
  4. ^ Ricklefs, 30
  5. ^ Ricklefs, 78

[edit] References

  • M.C. Ricklefs. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Preceded by
Maulana Muhammad		 Sultan of Banten
1596-1651		 Succeeded by
Ageng