Pandura
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The pandura is an ancient string instrument from the Mediterranian basin.
The ancient Greek pandoura (or pandora) was a medium or long-necked lute with a small resonating chamber. Some versions may have had three strings: such an instrument was also known as the trichordon (McKinnon 1984:10). Renato Meucci (1996) suggests that the larger instruments of this type were called chitarra italiana, mandore or mandola. In the eighteenth century the pandurina (mandore) often referred to mandolino milanese.
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[edit] Regional variations
[edit] Pandur
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In Chechnya (a Russian republic West of Dagestan, just North-East of Georgia in the Caucasus) exists a similar traditional instrument.
[edit] Panduri
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Panduri is a traditional Georgian three-string instrument widely spread in all regions of Eastern Georgia: such as Pshavkhevsureti, Tusheti, Kakheti and Kartli. In general, Panduri is generally used as an accompaniment instrument (it accompanies one-part heroic, comic and love songs, but sometimes it is used in dances too). There are two kinds of this instrument in Georgia: one of them is “Panduri” itself and another is called “Chonguri”. But “Chonguri” as we will see below though looks like Panduri represents a completely different instrument.A three-stringed lute (played by strumming) from the highland and lowland regions of Eastern Georgia, and rarely found in Western Georgia ( Upper Imereti and Racha). The two-stringed panduri survives in Khevsureti.The panduri is another popular plucked instrument from Georgia, and looks very similar to the chonguri (see above). The main differences are : The panduri is smaller, it lacks the string halfway (so the panduri has just 3 nylon strings), and the panduri has frets.
The frets are usually made of wood inlayed in the front of the neck. On some there are 7 frets to an octave, but nowadays also chromatic fretting can be found.
The body of the panduri is usually more in the shape of a spade, so less with a parallel sided endblock. It is almost always made carved from one block of wood.
Tuning would be : e b a', or g a c', and playing is often strumming to accompany singing.
Tuning of the three-stringed panduri: g - a – c1
Tuning of the two-stringed panduri: d - c1
[edit] Chonguri
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Four stringed unfretted lute type. Used almost exclusively for the accompaniment of singing.
[edit] Pandore
Tambura was introduced to India from Iran. Tambura is a simplified version of sitar which is made of wood and has a potbelly with a long unfretted neck. Tambura is positioned upright and its body rests on the player's right thigh. The strings are stroked instead of plucked.
[edit] Afghanistan
In Afghanistan the pandura is called a dambura or dunbura, and is a popular folk instrument particularly among the Hazara people. Among the famous Afghan danbura players is Safdar Tawakoli.
[edit] References
- J.W. McKinnon "Pandoura" in New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Vol 3 p 10 ed S. Sadie (Macmillan Press, London 1984).
- Gill, Donald 1984. [title missing]
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Tanbur Society for the preservation and propagation of the tanbur.
- Hittite Old Tanbur Picture
- Pandoura: the greco-Roman lyre of antiquity
