Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
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Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party
Parti Islam Se-Malaysia |
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| Leader | Abdul Hadi Awang |
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| Founded | April 4, 1956 |
| Headquarters | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Newspaper | Harakah |
| Youth wing | Dewan Pemuda PAS |
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| Ideology | Islamism, Islamic Democracy, Theocracy |
| National affiliation | Pakatan Rakyat |
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| Website http://www.pas.org.my/ |
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The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party or the Islamic Party of Malaysia (Malay: Parti Islam Se-Malaysia), commonly known as PAS or Pas, is an Islamist political party in Malaysia and is currently headed by Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang. PAS positions itself as a political party that aims to establish Malaysia as a country based on Islamic legal theory derived from the primary sources of Islam, the Quran and Sunnah, as opposed to Barisan Nasional's Islam Hadhari, which PAS sees as based on a watered-down understanding of Islam.
The party enjoys strong support from the northern rural and conservative areas such as Kelantan and Terengganu. It is also the first opposition party in independent Malaysia's history to defeat the Barisan Nasional coalition in a Malay dominated state. PAS, together with Parti KeADILan Rakyat, and Democratic Action Party formed part of a coalition called Pakatan Rakyat following the 2008 election. Together, Pakatan Rakyat now controls five states in Malaysia.
[edit] History
[edit] Early history: the formation of Hizbul Muslimin
In March 1947, the first Pan-Malayan Islamic conference at Madrasah Ma'ahad al-Ehya as-Sharif at Gunung Semanggul, Perak, was held. The conference was sponsored by Parti Kesatuan Melayu Muda (PKMM) under the leadership of Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy. The conference set out to address the economic problems faced by the Malay-Muslims. It was meant to bring together the more politically active and progressive Islamic movements and thinkers in the country. As a result of this conference, the Majlis Agama Tertinggi (Supreme Religious Council, MATA) of Malaya was formed.
MATA began organising political events and meetings for Malay-Muslim activists to meet and discuss their plans for the future and the need to mobilise the masses. The Council also organised a conference on 13-16 March 1948 which discussed local and international issues which are of concern to the public. The conference participants felt that UMNO was not doing enough to raise important issues in public and that the conservative-nationalists were not doing enough to stand up for Malay-Muslim rights. Needless to say, the UMNO representatives at MATA were not happy with the tone of discussion set by the Islamists, which was too revolutionary and militant for their taste. The UMNO delegates reported their findings and observations to the party leaders. In due course, UMNO leader Dato Onn Jaafar began to issue warnings about the "threat from the mountain" (a reference to Gunung Semanggul).
The Parti Orang Muslimin Malaya (Hizbul Muslimin) was formed on March 17 1948, after the second conference declared that MATA should be reorganised as an Islamic political party. With the formation of Hizbul Muslimin, all political activities were transferred to the organisation. MATA served as the party's religious affairs bureau. However, the first Islamist party in Malaya was not destined to last long, as they were banned by the British authorities anxious to retain control of the territories, alleging that Hizbul Muslimin have ties with the Communist Party of Malaya.
[edit] Demise and revival
Many members of Hizbul Muslimin escaped the purge of the British and joined UMNO. When the ulama faction in UMNO broke away from the party, they formed an association called Persatuan Islam Sa-Malaya (Pan-Malayan Islamic Association)[1], abbreviated as PAS. At the time, the association charter allowed for dual membership in PAS and UMNO and thus many PAS members thought of themselves as UMNO members and vice-versa. Eventually, the dual-membership clause in the party charter was revoked and PAS began to emerge as a distinct entity.[verification needed]
For the sake of contesting in the general elections of 1955, the party was re-registered under the name Pan-Malayan Islamic Party (PMIP). The name was later changed to Parti Islam Se-Malaysia during the Asri Muda era in the 1970s.[2] Though keeping its official name in Malay, nowadays the party prefers to refer to itself in the English language as the Islamic Party of Malaysia, rather than its old name Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party.
[edit] 1990s development
In 1999, riding a groundswell of popular protest after the arrest and conviction of former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, PAS allied itself with the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Keadilan (PKR), founded by Anwar Ibrahim's wife Wan Azizah by forming a coalition known as Barisan Alternatif. In the general election, PAS took over Terengganu from the Barisan Nasional.
In the 2004 Malaysian general election, the party's strength was greatly reduced.[1] It won merely seven parliamentary seats, a significant decrease from the 27 parliamentary seats it had won in the 1999 general election. The party leader, Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang even lost his parliamentary seat while one of the seven seats was won because a Barisan Nasional candidate was disqualified on a technicality. PAS also lost control of Terengganu but retained control of Kelantan with a very slim majority of 24 out of 45 seats. [2]. The party's majority in Kelantan's state assembly was further reduced to 23 seats following the Pengkalan Pasir by-election in 2005 which left them with the majority of only one seat in the state assembly.
In the recent 2008 Malaysian general election, the party made a comeback in Kelantan, winning 38 out of 45 seats as well as managing to take control of the west coast state of Kedah, and formed coalition governments with the DAP and PKR in the states of Perak and Selangor. The party also increased its share of MPs in the Malaysian Parliament from seven to 23.
[edit] Pakatan Rakyat
The leaders of PKR, DAP and PAS consolidated their cooperation by forming Pakatan Rakyat in 2008. Pakatan Rakyat is led collectively by the three parties and would uphold the rights and interests of all Malaysians. The state governments of Kelantan, Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor are known as Pakatan Rakyat state governments. Together, the three parties also won 82 of the 222 parliamentary seats at stake in the 2008 general elections.
[edit] Criticism of the UMNO-led Barisan National government
PAS often opposed and criticised the Barisan Nasional coalition. However, for a brief period from 1973 to 1978, under the leadership of Asri Muda, PAS was brought into the BN fold.[3] PAS often alleges that the economic and social problems of Malaysians and Malay-Muslims are the fault of the UMNO-dominated Barisan Nasional federal government in Kuala Lumpur. PAS alleges that after independence, social problems such as drugs, corruption and promiscuity have increased and blames the UMNO-led government for allowing these problems to arise.
PAS is of the view that its leadership can overcome these perceived problems for the benefit of the Muslim and non-Muslim electorate alike by establishing an Islamic state.
[edit] View on entertainment issues
As an Islamic political party, PAS takes a lead at local level in opposing forms of entertainment that will damage society's morals. It alleges that programmes like Karnival Jomheboh and Akademi Fantasia can damage the morals of Malaysians and Muslims in particular.
PAS strongly condemned a statement by the famous actress, Rosnah Mat Aris in her interview by TV3, a Malaysian television channel.
[edit] Sharia law
PAS has publicly stated its intent to instate what it claims to be sharia law, including the full range of criminal laws, such as the death penalty for apostasy (murtad) only applied for Muslim that convert to another religion, but has so far been stymied in a court battle.
Moves by PAS to extend the already implemented sharia laws, such as by limiting the sale of alcoholic beverage, forbidden to Muslims, and a ban on gambling. In 1999 the Terengganu Government passed the Hudud and Qisas bill which drew much opposition, and eventually prompted the Democratic Action Party to leave the Barisan Alternatif coalition.[citation needed]
[edit] Apostasy
PAS strongly support the sharia law to oppose apostasy. On 5 November 2006, an estimated 5,000 people gathered in front of a church in Ipoh after false information concerning more than 100 Muslim would apostasize was spread.[citation needed]
- See also: 2006 Ipoh apostasy protest
[edit] Islamic issues in politics
PAS always condemns any non-Muslim military attack on Muslim countries such as Serbian aggression on Muslims, Israel's invasion of Lebanon and Second Chechen War. In 1980s, a number of PAS members and supporters went to Afghanistan and joined the resistance against the invasion of the Soviet Union.[citation needed] In 2001 US-led war on Afghanistan, PAS urged its members and supporters to fight alongside the Taliban.[citation needed] In early 2006, PAS urged Muslims to boycott Danish goods in the response to the Danish cartoon controversy.
[edit] Reaching out to non-Muslims
For the most parts of PAS' history, the party has generally only targeted Malay or Muslim supporters. However since the 2004 elections, there has been clear indication of PAS trying to reach out and win the hearts of non-Muslim Malaysians by way of moderation.[4] During the leading up to the 2008 elections, PAS had rarely mentioned about the setting up of an Islamic state, which has been one of the party's main objective throughout the history.[5] The call for an Islamic state to be imposed in Malaysia has been one of the biggest fears of the non-Muslim population.[6] The party had also used the motto Pas For All to woo non-Muslim supporters.[4]. In a later interview with online news portal IslamOnline.net, PAS Research Centre head Dr. Dzulkefly Ahmed would come to describe this as a "substantive approach" ie by incoperating Islamic elements of justice and fair play in state administration, rather then get embroiled in what he terned "(mere) semantics".[7].
[edit] List of PAS Presidents
- 2003–present: Abdul Hadi Awang
- 1989–2002: Fadzil Noor
- 1982–1989: Yusof Rawa
- 1969–1982: Asri Muda
- 1956–1969: Burhanuddin al-Helmy
[edit] PAS Members of the 12th Parliament of Malaysia
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[edit] See also
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Farish Noor (2004). Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS (1951 - 2003), Vol. I, p. 72. MSRI
- ^ Noor, p. 87
- ^ Noor, Farish A.. "The Globalisation of Islamic Discourse and its Impact in Malaysia and Beyond" (PDF). . University of Berlin Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
- ^ a b "OPINION: Moderation the key to success for Pas?", The New Straits Times, March 31, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
- ^ "Analysts say Malaysian Islamic party wins big with gentler image", Channel News Asia, March 9, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
- ^ "MALAYSIA: Racial Divisions Sharper After 50 Years", Inter Press Service. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
- ^ "Malaysia:Islamic Opposition on the rise?", IslamOnline.net, May 20, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-06-02.
[edit] Other references
- Ahmad, Abdul Razak (Oct. 16, 2005). "Umno picks up Pas' reinvention gauntlet". New Straits Times, p. 18.
- "Malaysia's Islamic opposition party prepares for key by-election". (Nov. 6, 2005). Agence France-Presse.
[edit] External links
- PAS website
- Harakahdaily (PAS party newspaper in Malay)
