Pan-American Security Zone

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

During the early years of World War II, before the United States became a formal belligerent, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a region of the Atlantic, adjacent to the Americas, as the Pan-American Security Zone. Within this zone, United States naval ships escorted, and actively protected, convoys bound for Europe. In practice, this greatly aided the United Kingdom, which was largely dependent upon the Atlantic convoys[1].

The Zone was one of a number of actions taken by the United States that ran counter to its formal state of neutrality. It was set up in October 1939, at U.S. behest, by the Declaration of Panama signed by the nations of north and south America. Within the Zone, which extended between three hundred and one thousand offshore, the signatories would not tolerate belligerent acts.

Despite formal complaints in December 1939 to Britain over the action against the Admiral Graf Spee off the River Plate, U.S. implementation of the Zone was clearly to Britain's advantage. From early 1941, United States Navy convoy escorts eased British and Canadian difficulties by in providing adequate escorts, USN ships and aircraft were ordered to broadcast in clear any u-boat sightings, thus alerting British listeners[2]. The German Navy, the Kriegsmarine, resented this "cheating", but they were instructed to avoid hostile acts against U.S. ships so as not to give cause for an open declaration of war.

On 18 April 1941, Roosevelt extended the Pan-American Security Zone to longitude 26degrees west, 2,300 miles east of New York and just fifty miles short of Iceland, a major convoy staging area.


[edit] References

  1. ^ Gannon, Michael (1991). Operation Drumbeat. New York: Harper Collins, pp.82-83. ISBN 0-06-092088-2. 
  2. ^ Gannon, Michael (1991). Operation Drumbeat. New York: Harper Collins, p.83. ISBN 0-06-092088-2. 


  This World War II article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.