PAF (pickup)

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P.A.F.

Manufacturer	Gibson
Period	1956—1967
Type	Passive humbucker
Magnet type	Alnico 2 (early used 2-5)
Output specifications
Voltage (RMS), V	{{{outputrms}}}
Voltage (peak), V	{{{outputpeak}}}
Noise, dBV	{{{outputnoise}}}
Impedance, kΩ	7.5 (early have 7.5-9.0)
Current, µA	{{{outputcurrent}}}
Sonic qualities
Resonant frequency, Hz	{{{resonantfreq}}}

P.A.F. or just PAF is the world's first humbucker guitar pickup, invented by Seth Lover in 1955 as an engineer for Gibson and began use in mass production guitars in 1956 or 1957. However Rickenbacker and Gretsch had developed humbucking pickups also. Rickenbacker released theirs in 1953 but discontinued it in 1954 because of the 'distortion' it caused.^{[citation needed]}

The strange name (PAF) of the pickup was not intentional. Gibson and Seth Lover first filed a patent on the design on June 22, 1955. After that, Gibson Les Pauls were equipped with these new pickups, with a sticker on a bottom plate of a pickup that said Patent Applied For. A patent was eventually issued on July 28, 1959. Since it took more than four years to get a patent number, the unnamed pickup had been dubbed "PAF" by many guitarists in that period during which the pending application and this naming continued even after the patent had been issued.

PAF pickups can be usually identified by their look: they have two internal coil bobbins under a 1.5" x 2.75" metal cover with one bobbin having a row of six adjustable pole pieces, with the other bobbin having non-adjustable pole pieces. Standard PAF pickups had 5000 or so turns[1] of wire on a bobbin and impedance of 7.5 kΩ.

1 Timeline
2 Modern variants
3 Trivia
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Timeline

The range of 1956-1961 is usually dubbed the era of early PAFs. These pickups were first used on lap steel guitars in 1956, on Les Paul Gold Top, and Les Paul Custom electric solid-bodied guitars in 1957.

These early PAFs tend to differ from each other significantly in terms of output level and tone - many factors are quoted as a reason for such difference:

Gibson pickup winding machines were manual-operated at that time and had no mechanisms to automatically cut the wire after a set number of turns. Thus the pickups had a different number of windings and that lead to variation in the output and tone. For the same reason, the two coils within each pickup unit usually also have a slightly different number of turns and are not identical, except by accident.
Gibson used Alnico magnets in PAFs, the same magnet as used in the P-90. Alnico has several different grades and different magnetic properties (grades 2, 3, 4 and 5 are usually used), and Gibson assigned them quite randomly until the end of the era of early PAFs. The most common of these are though Alnico IV. British pickup designer Tim Mills of Bare Knuckle pickups had spoken with Seth Lover, who revealed that the most commonly used magnet was the Alnico IV. They had also been found in many order sheets that Gibson ordered many Alnico IV magnets.
Original pickups manufactured in that time are over forty years old and thus their characteristic may have changed significantly over time.

Early pickups were wound with #42 plain enameled wire, this wiring looks purple, as opposed to later varieties.

Since July 1961, Gibson standardized the PAF construction process. A new, smaller Alnico 5 magnetic plate became standard. In about 1963, Gibson switched to polyurethane-coated wire, changing the wire color from purple to red. About 1965-1968, automatic pickup winding machines came into use, thus making pickups that had a consistent number of turns and fixed impedance.

In about 1967, the original PAF design changed, so it became known as a next Gibson humbucker, called T bucker.

[edit] Modern variants

Nowadays, the PAF is considered a vintage humbucker with relatively low output and soft, mellow tone. However, original Gibson PAFs are scarce and very expensive, so most major pickup manufacturers produce copies of original PAF design.

Notable pickups include:

Seymour Duncan SH-55 Seth Lover Model. A modern pickup that reproduces Seth Lover's '55 prototype design in great detail: a nickel silver cover (not brass one), long bottom plate, plain #42 enamel wire, Alnico 2 magnets, wooden spacer, and black paper tape. Seth and Seymour were great friends, and Seth gave Seymour all of the original specs. In addition, Seymour owns Gibson's pickup winding machine from the 50's, and all SH-55's are wound on it.
Seymour Duncan SH-1 '59 Model. A replica of late 50s PAFs, gives a slightly fatter sound, more known as a signature tone of famous blues/rock guitarists of the 1960s.
Seymour Duncan Antiquity Humbucker (11014-01 and 11014-05). An as-close-as-possible replica of a late 50s PAF, complete with a patented aging technique.
Gibson "'57 Classic" Gibson's most regular take on the P.A.F. Not scatter wound, wax potted. Since the mid-'80's this is the standard pickup on most higher level guitars.
Gibson Burstbucker. Gibson's newest take on the P.A.F. Scatter wound, not wax potted, these are the closest replicas Gibson makes. These pickups come stock on the Historic line of Reissue Les Pauls.
DiMarzio PAF (DP103). One of the earliest P.A.F. replicas, wax potted with Alnico 5 magnets, 4-conductor cable for split and series/parallel wiring.
DiMarzio PAF Classic Bridge (DP195) and Neck (DP194). PAF pickups with pre-installed covers, wax-dipped twice (before cover installation and after).
DiMarzio Virtual Hot PAF (DP214), Virtual PAF Bridge (DP197), Virtual PAF Neck (DP196). Pickups built with patented Virtual Vintage technology that gives a more balanced pickup characteristic.
Bare Knuckle Pickups The Mule. A very accurate hand scatterwound PAF replica: The Mule uses a solid nickel baseplate and cover, #42 AWG plain enamel wire, unpolished Alnico 4 magnets, maple spacer and butyrate bobbins.

Other notable pickup manufacturers, all with their own take on the PAF pickup are Jason Lollar, Lindy Fralin, Van Zandt Pickups, Voodoo Pickups, Suhr, WCR Pickups.

[edit] Trivia

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines.
The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

Even after getting the patent (U.S. Patent 2,896,491 ), Gibson printed the wrong number on some PAF stickers: most humbuckers were labelled with U.S. Patent 2,737,842 until 1962. The number shown on the pickup is actually a patent for a Gibson trapeze tailpiece bridge, not a pickup at all. Both true PAFs and incorrect patent marked PAFs are fairly rare today and make an expensive vintage collectors' item.