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The Politics of Wilderness and the Practice of the Wild – The Questions

1. According to Grumbine, the fundamental difference between wilderness protection and ecological integrity is that the latter, the more progressive of the two, maintains the goal of restoring the populations of all indigenous species to a more practical level, and contributing to the representation of all the ecosystems that characterize America The former, he explains, merely preserves the flora and fauna of a certain ecosystem, while the ladder, in addition to preservation, tries to restore it to a sustainable level.

2. Upon his reflection of the state of the Pomo people, Grumbine came to the conclusion that “culture can only be opposed to wilderness.” He comes to this thought by citing how what he calls the industrial imperialism manifests itself within the sociological trends that characterize the citizens of most industrialized societies. In such places, he argues, the people tend to live with little regard to the destruction of the environment. As such, they delude themselves, trying to find a balance that is both beneficial to the environment and to their own social ideals. In reality, however, such pursuits only serve to satisfy the interests of the people, not the environment.

3. The increased use of the words biodiversity and sustainability comes mainly from the increasing questions people are asking themselves over how their political and social ideals affect the environment. Much of this comes, Grumbine explains, comes from people possessing a greater awareness of things such as habitat destruction and extinctions. As a result, many are forcing themselves to reevaluate their views on the environment, and just how precious it really is to the animals that dwell within it.

4. Essentially, Grumbine is arguing that the American idea of the wilderness constitutes putting the economic interests of the people ahead of the welfare of the environment. This idea has thus made many blind to the cause that is behind the destruction of many of America’s wildlands. Grumbine puts for that unless such a belief is changed, many will still consider nature just another unnecessary part of this planet.

5. According to Grumbine, wildness is the force through which the plans and processes of nature are carried out. Wilderness, on the other hand, is the physical manifestation of wildness in reality through which nature runs its course without any impedance from mankind.

6. In order to protect the habitats of some indigenous species that have viable populations, certain political and economic changes would have to be made. First off, in order to determine the ecological boundaries of certain locations, the land area would have to be proportional to the number of species (and the number of organisms within those species) within that ecosystem such that the native populations could continue to grow with little human impedance. Since the size of each piece of land is relative to the factors mentioned in the previous sentence, the methods by which one monitors and collects data within the park vary. In smaller ecosystems, it might be necessary just to walk around so that the impact on the environment is minimal. In the larger areas, however, the notion of building some sort of highway might be practical in instances one would need to access extremely remote areas or get around a large park. And for their part, humans would simply play the role of the observer, or, more appropriately, the monitor, protecting the park through ensuring its’ stability. Of course, in order to implement the program, one would need to get around the political bureaucracy that characterizes the nation’s government. Putting into place such a program near big cities would almost be impossible due to the interference with people’s properties, jobs, and other such things. Thus, the only logical place this would work would be in very rural or remote areas. As such, the government might grant certain financial incentives to property owners whose land lies on a potential wildlife preserve. This would in turn allow the government to allot more land to certain park, benefiting both the wildlife and the ecosystems that occupy it.

7. Towards the end of his work, Grumbine explains that humanity’s attempts to maintain biodiversity within an ecosystem have caused people to cultivate certain experiences that foster in a sense of togetherness that characterizes human communities. Consequently, Grumbine argues, wildness becomes integrated into the culture of the community, manifesting itself in a way that makes protecting biodiversity a future of the human community.

8. Basically, the biodiversity crisis that Grumbine crisis is causing many Americans to rethink their own political beliefs because they are becoming more aware of how those decisions can affect the environment. As a result, many Americans are becoming more conscious about who they vote for so that certain natural features within their community do not disappear just because of some ridiculous political scam.