Oxfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)

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Oxfordshire County constituency
Created:	1290
Abolished:	1885
Type:	House of Commons
Members:	two

Oxfordshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. It was represented by two Members of Parliament. In 1832 this was increased to three Members of Parliament. The constituency was abolished in 1885, being split into three single member divisions.

The bitterly contested Oxfordshire election of 1754 was the main inspiration for Hogarth's famous series of paintings and engravings, The Election.

Contents 1 Boundaries 2 Members of Parliament 2.1 1290-1640 2.2 1640-1832 2.3 1832-1885 3 Elections 4 Election results 4.1 Election results 1715-1800 4.1.1 Elections in the 1710s 4.1.2 Elections in the 1720s 4.1.3 Elections in the 1730s 4.1.4 Elections in the 1740s 4.1.5 Elections in the 1750s 4.1.6 Elections in the 1760s 4.1.7 Elections in the 1770s 4.1.8 Elections in the 1780s 4.1.9 Elections in the 1790s 4.2 Election results 1801-1885 4.2.1 Elections in the 1800s 4.2.2 lections in the 1810s 4.2.3 Elections in the 1820s 4.2.4 Elections in the 1830s 4.2.5 Elections in the 1840s 4.2.6 Elections in the 1850s 4.2.7 Elections in the 1860s 4.2.8 Elections in the 1870s 4.2.9 Elections in the 1880s 5 See also 6 Sources 7 References

[edit] Boundaries

The constituency comprised the whole of the historic county of Oxfordshire, in the northern part of South East England. (Although Oxfordshire contained three parliamentary boroughs for part of this period - Oxford (from 1295), Woodstock (or New Woodstock) (1302-1555 and from 1571) and Banbury (from 1554) - each of which which elected MPs in their own right, these were not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election. The Oxford University constituency was also often listed as an Oxfordshire constituency, but was non-territorial and had no effect on the right to vote in the county.)

There were minor boundary changes at the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, when five parishes or parts of parishes were transferred to other counties while six parishes or parts of parishes were added.

In 1885 the representation of the county was changed from one three member constituency to three single member divisions. Banbury and Woodstock ceased to be parliamentary boroughs but the same names were used for two county divisions. The three new county constituencies were Banbury (or the North division); Woodstock (or the Mid division) and Henley (or the South division).

[edit] Members of Parliament

[edit] 1290-1640

• 1563-1596: Sir Francis Knollys
• 1571: Henry Norris
• 1572-1581: Henry Knollys
• 1584-1586: William Knollys
• 1593-1601: Sir William Knollys
• 1604-1614: (Sir) Anthony Cope
• 1604-1611: John Doyley
• 1614: Sir John Croke
• 1624-1625: Sir William Cope
• 1624-1625: Sir Richard Wenman
• 1626: Thomas Wenman
• 1628-1629: Hon. James Fiennes

[edit] 1640-1832

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party
April 1640		Hon. James Fiennes	Parliamentarian		The Viscount Wenman	Parliamentarian
November 1640
December 1648	Fiennes and Wenman excluded in Pride's Purge - both seats vacant
Oxfordshire had 3 representatives in the nominated Barebones Parliament
1653	Sir Charles Wolseley, William Draper, Dr Jonathan Goddard
Oxfordshire had 5 MPs in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
1654	Robert Jenkinson, Charles Fleetwood, Colonel James Whitelocke, Nathaniel Fiennes, William Lenthall
1656	Robert Jenkinson, Lord Deputy Charles Fleetwood, William Lenthall, Miles Fleetwood, Sir Francis Norreys
Representation reverted to two MPs in the Third Protectorate Parliament
January 1659		Robert Jenkinson			The Viscount Falkland
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		The Viscount Wenman			Hon. James Fiennes
1661		The Viscount Falkland			Sir Anthony Cope
1663		William Knollys
1664		Sir Francis Wenman
1675					Sir Edward Norreys
February 1679		Sir John Cope
August 1679					Thomas Horde
1681		Sir Philip Harcourt
1685		The Viscount Falkland			Thomas Tipping
1689		Sir Robert Jenkinson			Sir John Cope
1690					Lord Norreys
1699					Sir Robert Dashwood
1701					Sir Edward Norreys
1708					Viscount Rialton
February 1710		Sir Robert Jenkinson
October 1710					Francis Clerke
1715					James Herbert
1717		Sir Banks Jenkinson
1721					Henry Perrot
1727		Sir William Stapleton
January 1740		Sir James Dashwood
February 1740					Viscount Quarendon
1743					Norreys Bertie
1754		Viscount Parker	Whig		Sir Edward Turner	Whig
1761		Lord Charles Spencer	Whig		Sir James Dashwood	Tory
1768					The Viscount Wenman
1790		Marquess of Blandford	Whig
1796		Lord Charles Spencer	Whig		John Fane	Tory
1801		Lord Francis Almeric Spencer	Tory
1815		William Henry Ashurst	Tory
1824					John Fane, junior	Tory
1830		Lord Norreys	Tory
1831		George Granville Harcourt	Whig		Richard Weyland	Whig
1832	Representation increased to three members

[edit] 1832-1885

Year		First member	First party		Second member	Second party		Third member	Third party
1832		Lord Norreys	Conservative		George Granville Harcourt	Whig		Richard Weyland	Whig
1835						Conservative
1837								Thomas Parker	Conservative
1841								Joseph Warner Henley	Conservative
1852		John Sidney North	Conservative
1857						Whig
1859						Liberal
1862					John William Fane	Conservative
1868					William Cornwallis Cartwright	Liberal
1878								Edward William Harcourt	Conservative
1885	Constituency abolished

Notes

[edit] Elections

The county franchise, from 1430, was held by the adult male owners of freehold land valued at 40 shillings or more. The bloc vote electoral system was used in two seat elections and first past the post for single member by-elections. Each elector had as many votes as there were seats to be filled. Votes had to be cast by a spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings, which took place in Oxford. The expense and difficulty of voting at only one location in the county, together with the lack of a secret ballot contributed to the corruption and intimidation of electors, which was widespread in the unreformed British political system.

The expense, to candidates and their supporters, of contested elections encouraged the leading families of the county to agree on the candidates to be returned unopposed whenever possible. Contested county elections were therefore unusual. The Tory Dukes of Marlborough, dominated the county from their seat at Blenheim Palace. One seat was usually held by a Spencer, the other by a local family acceptable to the Duke. Between 1700 and 1826 there was only one contest.

[edit] Election results

Note on percentage change calculations: Where there was only one candidate of a party in successive elections, for the same number of seats, change is calculated on the party percentage vote. Where there was more than one candidate, in one or both successive elections for the same number of seats, then change is calculated on the individual percentage vote.

Note on sources: The information for the election results given below is taken from Stooks Smith 1715-1754, Namier and Brooke 1754-1790 and Stooks Smith 1790-1832. From 1832 the principal source was Craig, with additional or different information from Stooks Smith included.

[edit] Election results 1715-1800

1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s

[edit] Elections in the 1710s

General Election 1715: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Francis Clerke	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Sir Robert Jenkinson, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Death of Clerke

By-Election May 1715: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	James Herbert	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Jenkinson

By-Election November 1717: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Sir Banks Jenkinson, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1720s

• Death of Herbert

By-Election May 1722: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Henry Perrot	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1722: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Sir Banks Jenkinson, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Henry Perrot	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

General Election 1727: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Henry Perrot	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Sir William Stapleton, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1730s

General Election 1734: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Henry Perrot	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Sir William Stapleton, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Death of Stapleton

By-Election January 1739: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Sir James Dashwood, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

• Death of Perrot

By-Election February 1739: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Viscount Quarendon	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1740s

General Election 1741: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Sir James Dashwood, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Viscount Quarendon	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Succession of Quarendon to the peerage as The 3rd Earl of Lichfield

By-Election February 1742: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Norris Bertie	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1747: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Sir James Dashwood, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Norris Bertie	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1750s

General Election 17 April 1754: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	The 3rd Viscount Wenman	2,033	25.88	N/A
	Tory	Sir James Dashwood, Bt	2,014	25.64	N/A
	Whig	Viscount Parker	1,919	24.43	N/A
	Whig	Sir Edward Turner	1,890	24.06	N/A
Turnout			7,856	N/A	N/A

• Wenman was a Peer of Ireland. There was a double return (of all four candidates) after the most hotly contested county election of the century. The disputed election was decided by the House of Commons on petition, with Parker and Turner being declared duly elected on 23 April 1755.

[edit] Elections in the 1760s

General Election 8 April 1761: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	Sir James Dashwood, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Seat vacated on Spencer being appointed Ranger of Windsor Forest.

By-Election 12 January 1763: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

• Seat vacated on Spencer being appointed Comptroller of the Household.

By-Election April 1763: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

• Note (April 1763): By-election in Stooks Smith, but not in Namier and Brooke.

General Election 30 March 1768: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	The 4th Viscount Wenman	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Wenman was a peer of Ireland

[edit] Elections in the 1770s

General Election 19 October 1774: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	The 4th Viscount Wenman	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as Treasurer of the Chamber

By-Election 22 December 1779: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1780s

General Election 27 September 1780: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	The 4th Viscount Wenman	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as a Vice Treasurer of Ireland

By-Election 18 December 1782: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 7 April 1784: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	The 4th Viscount Wenman	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1790s

General Election 1790: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	The 4th Viscount Wenman	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Marquess of Blandford	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

General Election 1796: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Charles Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] Election results 1801-1885

1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s

[edit] Elections in the 1800s

• Seat vacated on the appointment of Spencer as Postmaster General

By-Election February 1801: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Lord Francis Almaric Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1802: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	Lord Francis Almaric Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

General Election 1806: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	Lord Francis Almaric Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

General Election 1807: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	Lord Francis Almaric Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] lections in the 1810s

General Election 1812: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	Lord Francis Almaric Spencer	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Creation of Spencer as 1st Baron Churchill

By-Election February 1816: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	William Henry Ashurst	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1818: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	William Henry Ashurst	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1820s

General Election 1820: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	William Henry Ashurst	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

• Death of Fane

By-Election February 1824: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane (junior)	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1826: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	William Henry Ashurst	1,329	36.36	N/A
	Tory	John Fane (junior)	1,268	34.69	N/A
	Whig	G.F. Stratton	1,058	28.95	N/A
Turnout			3,655 (2,295 voted)	N/A	N/A

Note (1826): Stooks Smith records that the polls were open for three days

[edit] Elections in the 1830s

General Election 1830: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Tory	John Fane (junior)	1,904	39.93	+5.24
	Tory	Lord Norreys	1,618	33.93	N/A
	Whig	Sir G. Dashwood	1,246	26.13	-2.82
Turnout			4,768 (2,762 voted)	N/A	N/A

General Election 1831: Oxfordshire (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	1,782	37.23	N/A
	Whig	Richard Weyland	1,688	35.27	N/A
	Tory	Lord Norreys	1,316	27.50	-6.43
Turnout			4,786 (2,934 voted)	N/A	N/A

• Note (1831): Stooks Smith records that the polls were open for three days
• Representation increased to three seats under the Reform Act 1832

General Election 1832: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal	Richard Weyland	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			4,721

• Note (1832): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt and Weyland as Whig candidates and Norreys as a Tory

General Election 1835: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal	Richard Weyland	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			4,716

• Note (1835): For this election Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt and Norreys as Tory candidates and Weyland as a Whig. He records the number of registered electors as 5,164 instead of the number given by Craig used above.

General Election 1837: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	3,002	29.69	N/A
	Conservative	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	2,885	28.53	N/A
	Conservative	Thomas A.W. Parker	2,767	27.36	N/A
	Liberal	Thomas Stonor	1,458	14.42	N/A
Turnout			10,112 (4,125 voted)	78.53	N/A
Registered Electors			5,253

Note (1837): Stooks Smith was the source for the number of electors voting. He classified Norreys, Harcourt and Parker as Tories, with Stonor as a Whig.

[edit] Elections in the 1840s

General Election 1841: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			5,809

• Note (1841): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt, Henley and Norreys as Tories. He records the number of registered electors as 5,721 instead of the number given by Craig used above.

General Election 1847: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			5,384

• Note (1847): Stooks Smith classifies Harcourt, Henley and Norreys as Tories.

[edit] Elections in the 1850s

• Seat vacated on the appointment of Henley as President of the Board of Trade

By-Election 10 March 1852: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1852: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	2,328	35.60	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	2,218	33.91	N/A
	Conservative	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	1,313	20.08	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Norreys	681	10.41	N/A
Turnout			6,540	41.94	N/A
Registered Electors			5,198

Note (1852): The minimum possible turnout is estimated by dividing the number of votes cast by three. To the extent that electors did not use all their three possible votes the figure given will be an underestimate of the true turnout

General Election 1857: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			5,119

• Seat vacated on the appointment of Henley as President of the Board of Trade

By-Election 6 March 1858: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1859: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Granville Vernon Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			5,123

[edit] Elections in the 1860s

• Death of Harcourt

By-Election 3 February 1862: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John William Fane	1,909	52.58	N/A
	Liberal	Sir H.W. Dashwood, Bt	1,722	47.42	N/A
Majority			187	5.15	N/A
Turnout			3,631	72.48	N/A
Registered Electors			5,010
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

General Election 1865: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John William Fane	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			5,798

• The Reform Act 1867 expanded the electorate and introduced the limited vote for three seat constituencies (reducing the maximum number of votes per elector from three to two).

General Election 1868: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Cornwallis Cartwright	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			7,663

[edit] Elections in the 1870s

General Election 1874: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Cornwallis Cartwright	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Rt Hon. Joseph Warner Henley	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			7,554

• Seat vacated on the resignation of Henley

By-Election 5 February 1878: Oxfordshire
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward William Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

[edit] Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1880: Oxfordshire (3 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Cornwallis Cartwright	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	Edward William Harcourt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Conservative	John Sidney North	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered Electors			7,495

• Electorate expanded by the Representation of the People Act 1884 and constituency split into single member divisions by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, with effect from the United Kingdom general election, 1885.

[edit] See also

• List of former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies

[edit] Sources

• Historical list of MPs

[edit] References

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
• The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
• The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)) out of copyright
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886-1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
• Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
• List of members nominated for Parliament of 1653 at British History Online
• D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• John Cannon, Parliamentary Reform 1640-1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [1]
• Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988) [2]
• J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)