OVP (firearm)

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OVP
Type	Submachine Gun
Place of origin	Kingdom of Italy
Service history
In service	1918
Used by	Italy
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	-
Designed	-
Manufacturer	Beretta
Produced	1918 – 1941
Number built	-
Variants	-
Specifications
Weight	8 Pounds
Length	35.5 in
Barrel length	-
Crew	-
Cartridge	9x17mm Browning Short (.380 ACP)
Caliber	9mm
Action	Delayed Blowback, Selective Fire
Rate of fire	900 rounds per minute
Muzzle velocity	-
Effective range	-
Maximum range	-
Feed system	25 round detachable box magazine
Sights	-

The OVP was a light sub-machine gun developed in Italy.

[edit] Development

The Italians were the first army ever to adopt a sub-machine gun, or more correctly, a light automatic gun firing a pistol cartridge. This was the Villar Perosa that ceased to be a service weapon in 1918. The mechanism of the VP was a sound design and shortly after the end of the war the manufacturers of the VP were asked to produce a more practical weapon that became known as the OVP.

[edit] History

The OVP was little more than the barrel and action of the VP attached to a wooden buttstock and provided with a trigger and some small refinements. Although formally classed as a delayed blowback, the delay is minimal and certainly had little practical effect as seen by the high rate of fire. The mechanism is the usual one of bolt and return spring, but the bolt is controlled by a track in the receiver body that causes the bolt to rotate 45 degrees as it closes. The striker carries a lug bearing on the receiver track that also bears on a cam face on the bolt, so that the firing pin, driven by the return spring, cannot go forward to fire the cartridge until the bolt has rotated. When the gun is fired, recoil of the cartridge case moves the bolt back, causing it to rotate to the unlocked position, during which movement the pin is withdrawn by the action of the bolt's cam surface. Once unlocked the bolt is free to recoil and complete the firing cycle.

An unusual feature of the OVP that was not on the original VP gun was the use of a cylindrical sleeve surrounding the receiver for cocking the weapon. This was grasped and pulled to the rear to retract the bolt and then pushed forward during firing. Another oddity, this time carried over from the VP, was the provision of a slot in the rear edge of the top mounted magazine that allowed the firer to see how many rounds remained inside it. However, this also allowed dust and dirt to enter the magazine, so perhaps it wasn't such a good idea after all.

The OVP was issued in the early 1920s and by the time of World War II had been largely replaced by the various Beretta models. However the OVP saw use in the Abyssian war and was used in small numbers by some Italian units in the Western Desert in 1941. After this it appears that the weapon was withdrawn from service and specimens of this weapon are rare.

Italian firearms and light weapons of World War II
Side arms
Beretta M1934 | Beretta M1935 | Glisente M1910
Rifles & carbines
Fucile di Fanteria Mo.1891 Moschetto Mo.91 da Cavalleria | Moschetto per Truppe Speciali Mo.91 | Mo. 1938
Submachine guns
Beretta 1918 | MAB 38 | OVP | FNAB-43 | TZ-45
Machine guns & other larger weapons
Fiat-Revelli M1914 | Fiat Revelli M1935 | Breda M1930 | Breda M1937 Breda M1938 | Brixia M1935
Cartridges used by the Italian Army during World War II
.32 ACP | .380 ACP | 6.5 x 52 Mannlicher-Carcano | 7.92x57 mm Mauser | 9 mm