Osmundastrum cinnamomeum

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Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
Sterile fronds in late summer
Sterile fronds in late summer
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Osmundopsida
Order: Osmundales
Family: Osmundaceae
Genus: Osmundastrum
Species: O. cinnamomeum
Binomial name
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
(L.) C. Presl

Cinnamon Fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), is a species of eusporangiate fern in the family Osmundaceae. It is native to the Americas and eastern Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands.

Close-up of the pinnae of a sterile frond
Close-up of the pinnae of a sterile frond

In North America it occurs from southern Labrador west to Ontario, and south through the eastern United States to eastern Mexico and the West Indies; in South America it occurs west to Peru and south to Paraguay. In Asia it occurs from southeastern Siberia south through Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan to Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

[edit] Characteristics

It is a deciduous herbaceous plant which produces separate fertile and sterile fronds. The sterile fronds are spreading, 30-150 cm tall and 15-20 cm broad, pinnate, with pinnae 5-10 cm long and 2-2.5 cm broad, deeply lobed (so the fronds are nearly, but not quite, bipinnate). The fertile spore-bearing fronds are erect and shorter, 20-45 cm tall; they become cinnamon-colored, which gives the species its name. The fertile leaves appear first; their green color slowly becomes brown as the season progresses and the spores are dropped. The spore-bearing stems persist after the sterile fronds are killed by frost, until the next season. The spores must develop within a few weeks or fail.

This fern forms huge clonal colonies in swampy areas. These ferns form massive rootstocks with densely-matted, wiry roots. This root mass is an excellent substrate for many epiphytal plants. They are often harvested as osmunda fiber and used horticulturally, especially in propagating and growing orchids.

[edit] Classification

Traditionally, this plant has been classified as Osmunda cinnamomea L.. However, recent genetic and morphological evidence (Metzgar et al 2008; Jud et al 2008) clearly demonstrate that the cinnamon fern is a sister species to the entire rest of the living Osmundaceae. Cladistically, it is either necessary then to include all species of the Osmundaceae, including Todea and Leptopteris in the genus Osmunda, or else it is necessary to segregate the genus Osmundastrum. O. cinnamomeum is the sole species in the genus.

Formerly, some authors included the interrupted fern, Osmunda claytoniana, in the genus or section Osmundastrum, because of its gross apparent morphological similarities. However, detailed morphology and genetic analysis have proven that the interrupted fern is actually a true Osmunda. This is borne out by the fact that it is known to hybridize with the royal fern, Osmunda regalis to produce Osmunda Xruggii in a family in which hybrids are rare, while Osmundastrum cinnamomeum has no known hybrids.

O. cinnamomeum is considered a living fossil because it has been identified in the geologic record as far back as 70 million years ago.

A large cinnamon fern outcropping.
A large cinnamon fern outcropping.

[edit] References and external links