Oslotrikken

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Oslotrikken

Locale	Oslo
Transit type	Tram
Began operation	1875
System length	131.4 km or 81.6 miles
No. of lines	6
No. of stations	99
Daily ridership	about 100,000 (2006)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in)
Operator(s)	Oslo Sporvognsdrift

Oslotrikken or the Oslo Tramway is the tramway in Oslo, Norway. The network consists of six lines at 131.4 km with 99 stops and a daily ridership of 100,000. The tramway is operated by Oslo Sporvognsdrift, a subsidiary of Kollektivtransportproduksjon AS. As of 2005 the system consists of a rolling stock of about 72 trams. The system operates on standard gauge and uses 750 overhead V DC.

1 History
2 Line Network
- 2.1 Lines
3 Rolling stock
- 3.1 Current rolling stock
- 3.2 Recently retired rolling stock
4 External links

[edit] History

The first tram in Oslo was opened in 1875 with a short line between Homansbyen west of the city centre, Oslo West Railway Station and a sideline to Grønland, east of the city centre. The first "trams" were in fact horse drawn vehicles on flanged steel wheels. The first expansion of the line came in 1878 with a line to the Grünerløkka neighborhood to the north.

Electric tram service was initiated in 1894 with a line over Briskeby to Majorstuen, a route south of the original Homansbyen line. Horsedrawn service was entirely replaced with electric service in 1900. For a long time, there were two tram companies operating in Oslo, "Grønntrikken" ("The Green Trams" with a green and yellow livery) and "Blåtrikken" ("The Blue Trams" with a blue livery). These companies were merged together in 1924. The Norwegian word trikk (tram) derives from the English word electric. During the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s, the network continued to expand, with the most notable addition being the construction of Ekebergbanen, a line up along the hill along the east side of the Oslo Fjord, south of the city. It was operated by a separate company. It was originally built to Sæter in 1917, the line was completed to Ljabru in 1941. The tram network reached its greatest extent in 1939 with the opening of the northeastern line to Sinsen.

Historic electrical tram in Oslo

After World War II, the tram network started being gradually being replaced with diesel buses, closures started in 1947, and in 1960, the city council decided to aim for a complete dismantlement of the entire tram system. A number of lines had been replaced with the T-bane subway system, and the versatility of buses was attractive to the local politicians. However in 1977, the city council rescinded its decision to close the tram system. An order was made for a set of new articulated trams to supplement the aging fleet. The first of these trams, the SL79 was delivered in 1982.

The tram network was expanded slightly in the 1990s. A line over Aker Brygge was added in 1995, and in 1999 an extension of the northwestern Ullevål line was extended past the University of Oslo campus, to the new Rikshospitalet national hospital. A further renewal of the tram fleet by the addition of Italian double-articulated SL95 cars was also started. In 2002 the tram appeared to fall on hard times again. Oslo Sporveier was strapped for cash, and the board passed a decision to close down much of the tram system and replace it with buses. However, such a drastic change of operations forced a general assembly to meet, and most of the closures were cancelled. Finally, only the northernmost line to Kjelsås was closed in November 2002. In 2003, the tram system which had been part of Oslo Sporveier, was fissioned out to a separate company, Oslotrikken. However, Oslotrikken was instructed to drop the "Oslo" prefix in their name shortly after, making Trikken their official name. The line to Kjelsås was reopened in 2004, exactly two years after it was first closed.

[edit] Line Network

Most of the tram lines in Oslo go near the downtown area, and all the lines on the system go either through downtown, or, more rarely, terminate there. As of 2005 There are six lines, all of which operate daily, usually on a schedule with a 10-minute headway, or 20-minute schedule during late evenings and weekends. The entire network is 131.4 km long. Many stretches are operated by two or more lines. In central areas, served by more than one line, there is a maximum of 5-minute headway between trams, a concept named "Rullende fortau" (rolling sidewalk) by the tram company.

Among the more notable stretches are:

Ekebergbanen is the southernmost route, which runs up the hillside along the east coast of the Oslo Fjord, finally ending at Ljabru. It was one of the lines proposed axed in 2002, but spared at the general assembly. Ekebergbanen is more a light rail than a tram, as it runs on a separate track, and not in the street. It is served fully by line 19 and partially by line 18.
Lilleakerbanen, also more like a light rail, is the most western route, and the only tram line which does not stay within the city limits of Oslo. The last station on the line, Jar, lies in Bærum. The tram line actually joins with Kolsåsbanen of the subway system for the last stretch. Formerly, trams would run late night passenger services on Kolsåsbanen, but this has been discontinued, although there are tram sheds on Kolsåsbanen beyond Jar. The line is served by line 13. Since December 2, 2007 tram operations have returned on this line from Jar to Bekkestua. Operations beyond Jar use SL95 trams as there is no turnback loop at Bekkestua. Some runs turn back at Jar and are often run using SL79 trams.

[edit] Lines

The lines are color coded, and the colors appear on the line map as well as destination signs. Line 11 and 13 share colors, as do lines 18 and 19. Up until the 2005 restructuring of the tram system there was also a line 10 (Jar-Skøyen-Aker Brygge-Jernbanetorget-Ullevål-Rikshospitalet), color coded blue. Line 13 trams now serving Bekkestua can be seen with blue background destination signs.

11 (Green): Majorstuen-Homansbyen-Torshov-Storo-Disen-(Kjelsås)
12 (Purple): Majorstuen-Frogner-Aker Brygge-Jernbanetorget-Torshov-Storo-Disen-Kjelsås
13 (Green): Bekkestua-Jar-Skøyen-Nationaltheateret-Jernbanetorget-Torshov-Storo-Grefsen
17 (Red): Rikshospitalet-Ullevål-Stortorvet-Carl Berners plass-Sinsen-Grefsen
18 (Yellow): Rikshospitalet-Ullevål-Stortorvet-Jernbanetorget-Holtet-(Ljabru)
19 (Yellow): Majorstuen-Briskeby-Nationaltheateret-Jernbanetorget-Holtet-Ljabru

Destinations in brackets are only served during off-peak hours. Since lines 11, 12 and 19 run over Majorstuen, where several turns are too sharp for the newer SL-95 trams, they are operated with the lighter SL-79 trams. Lines 17 and 18 run to Rikshospitalet, which need to be operated by the bidirectional SL-95 trams. Both tram types are operating on line 13, though SL-79 trams operate only as far as Jar where there is a turning loop and SL-95 trams may operate to Bekkestua.

[edit] Rolling stock

SL79.

SL95. These have operated on line 12 when the line between Frogner plass and Majorstuen is closed for maintenance. Usually line 12 is operated by SL79 trams.

[edit] Current rolling stock

The Oslo tram system has 72 trams.

40 trams of type SL79. These are single-articulated, and operate in one direction only. They were delivered in two batches, the first batch, with 25 trams, started arriving in 1982, the second batch of 15 trams arrived in 1989. The two batches are fairly similar, but with different interiors, and the rear door of the second batch is double. The first ten trams were produced by Duewag of Germany, the rest were produced by ABB at Strømmen, west of Oslo. The trams are 22.18 metres long, 2.50 metres wide, 3,41 metres tall and weigh 32.8 tons. The tram can take 163 passengers, 71 of which are seated.

32 trams of type SL95. These double-articulated trams can go backwards as well as forwards due to the presence of driver cabs at either end and doors on both sides. They can therefore operate on the Ullevål line to Rikshospitalet which does not have a turning circle at the end of the line. However, the large turning radius and heavy weight of the tram makes it unsuitable for some of the lines to Majorstuen, which have poor tracks and sharp turns. The SL95s were delivered by the Italian company Ansaldo/Firema, now Ansaldobreda. The SL95 is 33.12 metres long, 2.6 metres wide, 3.62 metres tall and weighs 64.98 tons. The tram has a capacity for 212 passengers, 88 of which are seated.

There are also some old trams which are brought out on special occasions. During the summer, tram no. 70 together with trailer no. 647 operates scheduled trips on Sundays. It was built by Falkenried in Hamburg, Germany in 1913 for Grønntrikken. It remained in regular passenger service until 1968 and continued to serve as a maintenance vehicle. For the tram's 100 year jubilee, the no. 70 tram was restored in 1994. Trailer no. 647, complete with the classical open platforms, is a replica of an old trailer, built from parts from tram no. 71.

[edit] Recently retired rolling stock

The Høka trams (designated SM53) entered service in 1952. These were not articulated trams, but usually pulled a trailer in order to increase capacity. In the mid 1980s a number of these trams were rebuilt and modernised, these trams were given the designation SM83. All these trams were retired in 2000 when Oslo Sporveier increased the voltage of the network from 600 V to 750 V.
In the early 1990s the line over Storo was amputated by construction work, and the line had therefore no turning circle at the end of the line. To solve this problem, a number of old trams were purchased from Gothenburg at the price of 1 krone each. These trams, which had been built between 1958 and 1962, and designated M25 in Gothenburg, were coupled back-to-back so that a driver's cabin was available at either end of the train. They were designated SM91 in Oslo. The condition of the SM91 was somewhat better than the aging Høka cars, so they replaced them. The SM91 was never popular with passengers, they were as noisy as the Høka, and the rear doors, which would only allow people out of the tram, had to be pushed open manually by passengers from the inside. After a fatal accident involving the doors of this tram type in January 2001, the trams no longer ran coupled together in trains. They were finally retired in November 2002.