Oskar Brüsewitz

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Oskar Brüsewitz
Born May 30, 1929
Willkischken, Memelland
Died August 22, 1976 (age 47)
Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Occupation Lutheran pastor

Oskar Brüsewitz (May 30, 1929 – 22 August 1976) was an East German Lutheran pastor who committed self-immolation to protest the repression of religion in the Communist state of East Germany. On August 18, 1976 Brüsewitz committed suicide by self-immolation in a public market in front of the church in Zeitz.

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[edit] Biography

With the Second World War nearing its end, Brüsewitz joined the Wehrmacht in 1944 as a fifteen year old, was captured by the Red Army and became a prisoner of war. He worked as a shoemaker after the war then attended a Lutheran seminary from 1964 until 1969 in Erfurt. In 1970 he was ordained in the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Rippicha in the district of Zeitz. He was critical of the East German Communist regime imposed by the Soviet Union after the war and symbolic acts of protest, including the installation of a cross of neon lamps at his church, brought him to the attention of the authorities. The leadership of his church sided with the state, rather than its priest, and asked, in 1976, for Brüsewitz to be moved to another rectorate. This was the immediate trigger for his suicidal protest.

On the day of his death he carried pamphlets accusing the communists of repression which read; "Funkspruch an alle: Die Kirche in der DDR klagt den Kommunismus an! Wegen Unterdrückung in Schulen an Kindern und Jugendlichen" "A Radio message to everyone: The church in the GDR accuses communism! Because of the suppression of children at school"). In his suicide note he wrote of a "feigned deep peace, which had also intruded Christianity" in East Germany while in truth there was "a mighty war between light and darkness "zwischen Licht und Finsternis ein mächtiger Krieg".

Brüsewitz died of his severe burns on August 22, 1976 in a hospital in Halle Dölau. His self sacrifice brought support from both his parishioners and figures in the church and led to a reappraisal within the church hierarchy of its relationship with the Communist dictatorship. The Protestant Church now sees Brüsewitz's protest as an early step towards the mass popular protests which led to the collapse of the GDR in 1989.

The Communist authorities initially attempted to suppress news of the event then, when news leaked and public support for his action grey, they branded him a psychopath. On August 31 Neues Deutschland, the official newspaper of the SED, printed an article entitled „Du sollst nicht falsch Zeugnis reden“ "You shall not bear false witness" which asserted that self-immolation was the action of a sick, crazy man. A similar article appeared in the Neue Zeit, the newspaper of the East German CDU.[1]

The Protestant church of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony commemorated his sacrifice twenty years later in 1996, six years after the reunification of Germany. Bishop Dehmke called his death an "act of desperation" in protest against the repressive nature of the communist regime and the collaboration of church members who had grown too close to the state. [1]

To mark the 30th anniversary of his death, Neues Deutschland wrote an apology for the article they had carried at the time, admitting that the piece had been "slanderous" and written, not by journalists, but in one of the many offices of the central committee of the SED.[2] In addition they published some of the thousands of critical letters to the editor they had received but not printed in 1976. zu Tausenden bei der Zeitung eingegangen, aber nicht veröffentlicht worden waren.[3] In the Federal Republic of Germany, the Paneuropa-Union established a Brüsewitz-Center to document the repression of opposition within the former GDR.

Brüsewitz's death is known in Germany as the Fanal von Zeitz or "Fire Signal of Zeitz".

[edit] Imitations

Jan Palach, a young Czech, famously set fire to himself in protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and repression of its nascent democracy movement in 1968 and this sacrifice may have inspired Brüsewitz to similar action.

On September 17, 1978 at Falkenstein at the district of Vogtland the Reverend Rolf Günther set himself on fire within his church, perhaps in imitation of Brüsewitz, due to conflict within his church.[4]

On October 31, 2006, within the Augustine abbey of Erfurt another priest, Roland Weißelberg set himself on fire.[5] in protest at what he saw as the Church's failure to resist the growing threat of militant Islamism to western culture.[6]

Oskar Brüsewitz has been the subject of several books published in Germany and a documentary film.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Deutschlandfunk
  2. ^ Karlen Vesper: „Er hat uns alle überrascht ...“. Neues Deutschland vom 12. August 2006, S. 24
  3. ^ Warum dieser Hass? Reaktionen auf einen Artikel im ND. Neues Deutschland vom 12. August 2006, S. 24
  4. ^ BStU, MfS, BV Karl-Marx-Stadt, Nr. 1209/79, Bd. I, Bl. 74f., Bd. II, Bl. 10–16
  5. ^ Mirko Krüger: Pfarrer verbrennt sich selbst. Thüringer Allgemeine vom 1. November 2006, S.
  6. ^ Selbstverbrennung als Protest. Thüringer Allgemeine vom 1. November 2006, S.

[edit] Literature

  • K. Motschmann: Oskar Brüsewitz, Würzburg 1978, ISBN 3-921155-37-1
  • H. Müller-Enbergs, H. Schmoll, W. Stock: Das Fanal. Das Opfer des Pfarrers Brüsewitz aus Rippicha und die evangelische Kirche, Berlin 1993.
  • Harald Schultze (Hrsg.): Das Signal von Zeitz - Reaktionen auf die Selbstverbrennung von Oskar Brüsewitz, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3374014275
  • H. Müller-Enbergs, W. Stock, M. Wiesner: Das Fanal. Das Opfer des Pfarrers Brüsewitz aus Rippicha und die evangelische Kirche, Münster 1999 (erweiterte 2. Auflage), ISBN 3-402-05263-6
  • Freya Klier: Oskar Brüsewitz - Leben und Tod eines mutigen DDR-Pfarrers, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-00-013746-7
  • Krampitz, Karsten; Tautz, Lothar; Ziebath, Dieter: " Ich werde dann gehen..." - Erinnerungen an Oskar Brüsewitz, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-374-02398-3

[edit] Film

[edit] External links

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