Portal:Organized Labour/Did You Know?
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/1 - ...that Norwegian-born merchant seaman Harry Lundeberg became a labor leader in the United States?
/2 - ...that the steel strike of 1959 led to significant importation of foreign steel for the first time in United States history?
/3 - ... that the Texas State University labor historian Gregg Andrews is also a folk musician performing under the name "Doctor G"?
/4 - ...that the "Mohawk Valley formula," a strikebreaking plan devised during the Remington Rand strike of 1936-1937, was declared by the National Labor Relations Board to be "a battle plan for industrial war"?
/5 - ...that six striking coal miners, nine of their family members, and one bystander were killed during the Westmoreland County Coal Strike of 1910–1911?
/6 - ...that the three-day S.S. California strike in 1936 triggered a wave of strikes by merchant seamen and led to the founding of the National Maritime Union?
/7 - ...that the free trade union SLOMR, established in opposition to the communist Romanian government, was suppressed one year before the creation of Solidarity, its more successful Polish counterpart?
/8 - ...that despite the relatively low level of academic output by Professor Gary Chaison, he is widely cited in the American mass media?
/9 - ...that the Auto-Lite Strike culminated in the "Battle of Toledo," a five-day melee between 6,000 striking workers and 1,300 members of the Ohio National Guard that left two dead and more than 200 injured?
/10 - ...that in Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co. the U.S. Supreme Court held that preliminary work activities should be included as working time under the Fair Labor Standards Act?
/11 - ...that in 1954, the Federal Communications Commission sought to force union attorney Edward Lamb to surrender his broadcasting license on the grounds that he associated with communists?
/12 - ...that labor union activist Sam Pollock, who helped lead the Auto-Lite Strike, is the grandfather of noted experimental filmmaker Damon Packard?
/13 - ...that more than 200,000 railroad workers participated in the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886, and the strike's collapse directly led to the formation of the American Federation of Labor?
/14 - ...that the National Labor Board established the doctrine of representational exclusivity in American labor relations, a rule still used today?
/15 - ...that the Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894 is the only time in American history when a governor used the state militia to support rather than suppress a strike?
/16 - ...that David Brody is credited with co-founding the field of "new labor history"?
/17 - ...that Herbert Gutman co-founded the "new labor history" school of thought, which focuses on the effects that ordinary people have had on the history of labor?
/18 - ...that Ralph Fasanella was pumping gas for money in 1972 when featured on the cover of New York Magazine as "...the best primitive painter since Grandma Moses"?
/19 - ...that the first comprehensive campaign of unionized labor was the subject of a 1979 Academy Award-winning film?
/20 - ...that Arnold Miller defeated W. A. Boyle in 1972 for the presidency of the United Mine Workers of America after Boyle murdered union reformer Joseph Yablonski?
/21 - ...that noted labor historian Selig Perlman is the uncle of author Judith Martin, better known as "Miss Manners"?
/22 - ...that the Florida Education Association led the first statewide teachers' strike in American history in 1968?
/23 - ...that Sandra Feldman, former president of the American Federation of Teachers, was mentored by civil rights activist Bayard Rustin and arrested twice during the Freedom Rides?
/24 - ...that the Brazilian labour movement was predominantly anarchist until the 1920s?
/25 - ...that William Dronfield founded the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, which inspired the creation of the Trades Union Congress?
/26 - ...that American activist Nelson Cruikshank is considered the most important non-legislator responsible for the enactment of the U.S. Social Security Disability Insurance in 1956 and Medicare in 1965?
/27 - ...that at the 1974 Coalition of Labor Union Women convention, Myra Wolfgang declared "...there are 3,000 women in Chicago and they didn't come here to swap recipes!"?
/28 - ...that the Alliance for Retired Americans was instrumental in enacting Medicare?
/29 - ...that the Free Association of German Trade Unions was the only trade union in Germany to reject the Burgfrieden, a civil truce between the socialist movement and the German state during World War I?
/30 - ...that the 1968 Florida teachers' strike was the first statewide strike by teachers in United States history?
/31 - ...that before Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, the United Teachers of New Orleans was the largest trade union in the city?
/32 - ...that the Sheet Metal Workers International Association Local 28 in New York City negotiated the first pension plan in the construction industry?
/33 - ...that labor leader Victor Kamber created playing cards with public figures in 1968 and the "Rappin' Ronnie" music video depicting a rapping Ronald Reagan in 1984?
/34 - ...that actor Edward Chapman, known for his role as "Mr. Grimsdale" in many Norman Wisdom films, tried to have Sir John Gielgud thrown out of Equity?
/35 - ...that Edwin D. Hill was the first president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers to be elected by secret ballot?
/36 - ...that on April 29, 1899, trade unionists in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho killed two men by steering an explosives-laden train to the site of a mill, in order to protest the firing of fellow union members?
/37 - ...that lobbying by the International Seamen's Union led to the abolition of the practice of imprisoning seamen who deserted their ship in the United States in 1915?
/38 - ...that Benjamin Aaron helped negotiate the first contract between a county and its public employee union in California history in 1968?
/39 - ...that partly because of issues highlighed by the London matchgirls strike of 1888, the Salvation Army opened up its own match factory in Bow, London in 1891, which used harmless red phosphorus and paid better wages?
/40 - ...that South African trade union legislation uses the term "conscientious objector" to refer to workers who do not want to join unions on the basis of personal beliefs?
/41 - ...that the Farm Labor Organizing Committee's 2004 collective bargaining agreement with the Mt. Olive Pickle Co. marked the first time an American labor union represented guest workers?
/42 - ...that the AFL-CIO Organizing Institute has trained over 10,000 trade union organizers since its 1989 founding?
/43 - ...that during the Hardin County onion pickers strike in 1934, anti-union vigilantes seized control of the town of McGuffey, Ohio, for a day?
/44 - ...that in the 1984 Brown v. Hotel and Restaurant Employees case, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a New Jersey gaming law requiring union leaders to be of good moral character?
/45 - ...that Irish writer and trade unionist Brian Behan once took part in a swearing match at the British Museum?
/46 - ...that trade unions in Argentina have traditionally played a strong role in the politics of the nation, with approximately 40% of workers in the formal economy being unionized?
/47 - ...that the Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union, an Indian farm labourers movement, claims a membership of over 2.5 million?
/48 - ...that firing of Anna Walentynowicz, a Polish free trade union activist, was one of the events that led to the giant wave of strikes in Poland and eventually the creation of Solidarity?
/49 - ...that Indian trade unionist Dutta Samant led an estimated 200,000 workers on a year-long strike in 1982, causing the exodus of the textile mill industry from Mumbai?
/50 - ...that Emil Rieve was elected president of his local union when he was only 22 years old, and president of the Textile Workers Union of America when he was 46?
/51 - ...that Alexander Campbell in 1877 slapped a muddy handprint on to the wall of his prison cell declaring his innocence, and the mark would never go away, despite extensive efforts to have it removed?
/52 - ...that scandal erupted after the Department of Justice initiated prosecution of Jackie Presser only to abruptly end it once the press revealed Presser had been an informant for the FBI for over 10 years?
/53 - ...that George W. Taylor assisted unions by mediating more than 2,000 strikes, but also helped draft New York's Taylor Law—which banned strikes by public employees?
/54 - ...that in three days of nearly non-stop negotiations, Nathan Feinsinger mediated an end to a 1947 pineapple workers' strike which threatened the entire Hawaiian economy?
/55 - ...that fear of retaliatory terminations is a leading obstacle to union organizers in their efforts to unionize a workplace?
/56 - ...that the 1975 U.S. Supreme Court case NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc. allowed all workers in unionized workplaces to have a union representative present during management inquiries that might result in discipline?
/57 - ...that the Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 was the largest protest movement against the Communist regime in Romania before the Romanian Revolution of 1989?
/58 - ...that Canada's syndicalist One Big Union kept itself alive for some time by running an illegal lottery in its weekly bulletin?
/59 - ...that even though the 1952 steel strike lasted 53 days and cost the U.S. $4 billion in lost economic output, it was settled on nearly the same terms offered by the union at the strike's beginning?
/60 - ...that while anarcho-syndicalists are usually a minority in their respective labor movements, the anarcho-syndicalist General Confederation of Labour was not only the largest but the only union in post-World War I Portugal?
/61 - ...that the West End Street Railway fired Cyrus S. Ching in 1901 after he was nearly electrocuted on the job, only to appoint him manager two months later?
/62 - ...that while the majority of Benin's formal workforce are represented by trade unions, nationwide use of child labour and forced labour continues?
/63 - ...that Jamaican labor leader Helene Davis-Whyte was anti-union before being elected a delegate in her union?
/64 - ...that when 400 RNs unionized with the Pennsylvania Association of Staff Nurses and Allied Professionals on July 19, 2007, it was the largest successful organizing effort among nurses in the state since 2000?
/65 - ...that the Jamaica Association of Local Government Officers lost 8,000 of its 15,000 members when Jamaica restructured local government services in 1984?
/66 - ...that the first trade union in Botswana was not recognised by the ruling Bechuanaland Protectorate until 1964, 16 years after its formation?
/67 - ...that while the first union was founded in 1927, Tanzania did not have a significant labor movement until the 1940's?
/68 - ...that although an Iron Workers union member planted the dynamite in the 1910 Los Angeles Times bombing, the 21 people who died in the explosion and fire were all workers and not managers?
/69 - ...that German leaders of the World Confederation of Labour were sentenced to Nazi concentration camps in the 1930s for their political opposition to the growth of authoritarian governments in Europe?
/70 - ...that the first labor investigations by a United States government body were prompted by petitions from the Lowell girls, textile workers in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the mid-nineteenth century?
/71 - ...that the first company union in the United States was created by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., in response to the bad publicity generated by the Ludlow massacre?
/72 - ...that the short-lived Industrial Syndicalist Education League was both the first and the largest syndicalist organisation ever in the United Kingdom?
/73 - ...that although he contributed to an anti-militarist resolution at a congress of the Second International in 1891, Christiaan Cornelissen was one of a few syndicalists to support the Allied effort in World War I in 1914?
/74 - ...that the Dutch National Labor Secretariat once lost many members because each union received one vote but had to pay dues for each member, severely disadvantaging larger unions?
/75 - ...that the 1998 Puerto Rican general strike paralyzed the island for two days, when 500,000 people took to the streets to protest against privatizing the Puerto Rico Telephone Company?
/76 - ...that the supply of natural gas and electricity in New Orleans, Louisiana, ceased as a result of the General Strike of 1892, plunging the city into darkness for four nights?
/77 - ...that Linda Chavez-Thompson was the first woman, colored person, and Hispanic elected an officer of the AFL-CIO?
/78 - ...that Pierre Monatte was one of the few French trade-unionists and members of the French Left to oppose the Union sacrée national bloc during World War I?
/79 - ...that Teamsters president Dave Beck invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination 117 times before a U.S. Senate investigating committee?
/80 - ...that although William McFetridge retired as president of BSEIU in 1960, his successor, David Sullivan, fought him for control of the union until 1964?
/81 - ...that American trade union leader William McFetridge switched from Democrat to Republican in 1948 and supported Thomas E. Dewey for president even though Dewey had successfully prosecuted his predecessor for labor racketeering?
/82 - ...that although William Quesse was convicted of conspiracy in 1922, less than five years later his union was one of the most politically powerful organizations in Chicago?
/83 - ...that during the St. John's University strike of 1966–67, Jewish professor Israel Kugler sought an audience with Pope Paul VI to win his support?
/84 - ...that during a copper miners' strike in Michigan in 1913, labor leader Charles Moyer was shot in the back by unknown assailants and then expelled by Calumet city police while still bleeding?
/85 - ...that the U.S. Supreme Court held in Moyer v. Peabody (1909) that the U.S. government may imprison citizens without probable cause during an insurrection so long as it acts in good faith?
/86 - ...that in 1918, the National Federation of Federal Employees became the first labor union in the United States to win the legal right to represent federal employees?
/87 - ...that NHS Together, a group of unions which support Britain's National Health Service, are supported by celebrities such as football (soccer) player Geoff Hurst, adventurer Ranulph Fiennes, actress Tamsin Greig and comedian Arthur Smith?
/88 - ...that in 2007, Arlene Holt Baker became the first African American AFL-CIO officer?
/89 - ...that strikebreakers are used more frequently in the U.S. than in any other industrialized country?
/90 - ...that the membership of the Ghanaian national labor federation Trades Union Congress fell by 58 percent after a law requiring civil servants to be members was repealed in 1966?
/91 - ...that the German national rail strike of 2007 is the largest strike in history affecting Deutsche Bahn?
/92 - ...that during the 1905 Chicago Teamsters' strike, 21 people were killed and the strike ended only after union leaders were accused of taking bribes?
/93 - ...that Cornelius Shea, the founding president of the Teamsters, spent more than five years in Sing Sing prison for slashing and stabbing his mistress 27 times?
/94 - ...that during the Spanish Civil War, Solidaridad Obrera, published by an anarchist labor union, was Spain's highest-circulation newspaper?
/95 - ...that the New South Wales Court of Arbitration is claimed to be the first court devoted to resolving labour disputes in the world?
/96 - ...that during the Bisbee Deportation, Phelps Dodge Corporation executives seized control of the town's telegraph and telephones to prevent news of the kidnappings from being reported?
/97 - ...that James Duncan helped co-found both the American Federation of Labor and the International Labor Organization?
/98 - ...that the anarcho-syndicalist Argentine Workers' Federation was the country's first national labor confederation?
/99 - ...that the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan organised India's first May Day celebrations in 1923?
/100 - ...that the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Wheeler that the Constitution alone did not give the government of the United States the authority to prosecute kidnappers?
/101 - ...that just three years after it was founded, the Spanish labor union Solidaridad Obrera became the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo?
/102 - ...that the U.S. Supreme Court has held that an employer lockout during a whipsaw strike is not an unfair labor practice under the National Labor Relations Act?
/103 - ...that an ongoing strike by Gaelic footballers and hurlers in County Cork, Ireland, has led to Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern asking for the players and the county board to resolve their dispute?
/104 - ...that the U.S. Supreme Court held in NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. that although employees cannot be fired for exercising their right to strike, they can be "permanently replaced" by strikebreakers?
/105 - ...that the coal strike of 1981 was the first against Cape Breton Development Corporation since their nationalization in 1967?
/106 - ...that Douglas Fraser's lobbying and member mobilization were critical in convincing the U.S. Congress to provide $1.2 billion in loans to a near-bankrupt Chrysler in 1979?
/107 - ...that Randi Weingarten, the openly gay president of the United Federation of Teachers, has been called one of the 25 most powerful women in New York City business?
/108 - ...that during the Chicago Federation of Labor's 1903 convention, seven major brawls broke out, hospitalising one man?
/109 - ...that the Occupational Safety and Health Act went into effect in the United States on April 28, 1971, the same day as Workers' Memorial Day?
/110 - ...that the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union called off a merger with the United Mine Workers just two hours before the unions planned to announce the agreement?
/111 - ...that Richard Nixon credited Tony Mazzocchi with being the primary force behind enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970?
/112 - ...that two people, including a 15-year-old boy, were killed during the 2008 Egyptian general strike?
/113 - ...that Irish American mob informant Danny Greene drove a green car, wore green jackets, and had his union office repainted and recarpeted in green?
/114 -
... that Ben Gold was just 14 years old when he was elected assistant shop chairman by his local union during the first furriers' strike in the United States?
/115 - ...that the four large housing cooperatives that make up Cooperative Village on the Lower East Side of Manhattan were sponsored and financed by trade unions with ties to the Socialist Party of America?
/116 - ... that in 1919, the discharge of the chief of police of Berlin led to a general strike and accompanying fighting known as the Spartacist uprising, in which over 500,000 workers took part?
/117 -
...that in 1962 doctors went on strike in Saskatchewan for 23 days in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the introduction of universal health insurance?
/118 -
...that New Australia was a utopian settlement founded in Paraguay in 1893 by former members of the Australian labour movement?
/119 -
...that anarchism once was the strongest current in the Cuban labor movement?
/120 -
...that alleged labour injustices in Dubai have been criticised by various human rights groups?
/121 -
...that the Association of Pizza Delivery Drivers is a union that represents pizza-delivery drivers, and is one of the first unions in the United States to operate entirely over the Internet?
/122 -
...that the 1966 New York City transit strike at the start of the mayoralty of John V. Lindsay was led by the defiant Irish-born TWU founder Mike Quill, who was briefly jailed for leading the illegal strike, and died before the month was out?
/123 -
...that the Reesor Siding Strike of 1963, which left three people dead, was the deadliest confrontation in Canadian labour history?
/124 -
...that In re Debs was a 1895 Supreme Court case that resulted in an unanimous ruling affirming the right of the United States government to issue an injunction to halt strikes affecting interstate commerce and U.S. Mail?
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