Orest Chwolson
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Orest Danilovich Chwolson (1852-1934) was a Russian physicist. He is most noted for being one of the first to study the gravitational lens effect.[1] He graduated from St. Petersburg University in 1873, started to teach there in a 1876, and became a full professor in 1891.
His most noted accomplishment was in 1924, when he published about gravitational lenses in Astronomische Nachrichten, a scientific journal on astronomy. The concept of gravitational lenses, did not get much attention until 1936, when Albert Einstein wrote about the gravitational lens effect.[2] The observation of a gravitational lens, where one source (sun or galaxy) produces a ring around another source is referred to as an Chwolson ring, or Einstein ring.
He also was published in the fields of electricity, magnetism, photometry, and actinometry, and wrote a five-volume physics course, which was translated into four languages and used for decades. He designed an actinometer and pyrheliometer, which were used on weather stations for many years. He became an honorary member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and had a crater on the moon named after him. [3]
Important publications:
- Chwolson, O (1924). "Über eine mögliche Form fiktiver Doppelsterne". Astronomische Nachrichten 221: 329. doi:.
- Traité de physique O.-D. Chwolson (French translation of Kurs fiziki by E. Davaux) Paris : A. Hermann, 1906-1928
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