Ordnance BL 15 pounder
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| Ordnance BL 15 pounder | |
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 Gun of 7th Field Battery towed by oxen, German East Africa campaign, World War I |
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| Type | Field gun |
| Place of origin |  United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1892 - 1918 |
| Used by | British Empire |
| Wars | Second Boer War World War I |
| Specifications | |
| Barrel length | 84 inch[1] |
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| Shell | separate loading BL, 14 lb (6.4 kg) shrapnel |
| Calibre | 3 inch (76.2 mm) |
| Elevation | -5° - 16°[1] |
| Traverse | nil |
| Rate of fire | 7-8 rds/min[2] |
| Muzzle velocity | 1590 ft/s[3] |
| Maximum range | 6000 yds[4] |
The Ordnance BL 15 pounder, otherwise known as the 15 pounder 7 cwt, was the British Army's field gun in the Second Boer War and some remained in limited use in minor theatres of World War I.
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[edit] History
The gun was a modified version of the previous BL 12 pounder 7 cwt gun of 1885. When the modern smokeless propellant cordite replaced gunpowder in 1892 it was decided that the 12 pounder was capable of firing a heavier shell up to 15 lb (6.8 kg). A 14 pound shell was adopted and the gun was renamed a 15 pounder.[5]
Mk I carriage : recoil was controlled by drag-shoes. These were placed under the wheels, and were connected by chains and cables to the wheel hubs and the trail.[6]
Mk II carriage : this had the same drag-shoe system and also a hydraulic buffer. This only allowed a short recoil, and was not successful.[6]
Mk III carriage : In 1899 a rudimentary recoil system was added, consisting of a "spade" beneath the axle which dug in when the gun recoiled, connected by a steel wire to a spring in a cylinder on the trail. Mk I and II carriages fitted with these were known as Mk 1* and Mk II*. The latter retained the hydraulic buffer.[6]
Although the whole gun jumped and moved backwards on firing, the spring returned it to firing position and hence still increased the rate of fire compared to the old model without any recoil mechanism.[7] Hogg and Thurston comment ironically : "It is said that it checked it [recoil] so well that the gun usually recoiled 1 foot and jumped forward 2 feet".[8]
Other Mks of carriage followed, all with axle-spades, but without buffers.
From 1904 the BL 15 pounder was superseded by the modern QF 18 pounder. Remaining BL 15 pounders were upgraded as the BLC 15 pounder to equip the Territorial Force with an "ersatz QF gun".[7]
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[edit] Combat use
The gun was normally towed by 6 horses, in 3 pairs.
[edit] Second Boer War
349 guns were in service in the Second Boer War 1899 - 1902 and fired 166,548 shells out of the British total of 233,714.[9]
While the gun could fire a shell up to approximately 5800-5900 yards, the No. 56 time and percussion fuze in use in 1899 could only be set for a maximum timed range of 4100 yards because it only burned for 13 seconds. The shrapnel shells in use were usually time-set to burst in the air above and in front of the enemy. Hence the gunners had to get within approximately 4100 yards of the enemy to fire on them. The fuze could be set to explode on contact (percussion) up to the maximum range, but shrapnel exploding on contact was of little use. This was rectified later in the war by the No. 57 "blue fuze" which could be time set up to 5800-5900 yards.[10][11]
[edit] World War I
7th Field Battery (4 guns, originally No. 2 and No. 6 Light Batteries) towed by oxen and known as the Oxo Battery and manned by Mauritian and South African gunners fought in the German East Africa campaign in World War I.[12]
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
[edit] Ammunition
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as used in Second Boer War |
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[edit] See also
[edit] Surviving examples
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Hogg & Thurston 1973, page 71
- ^ Hall June 1971
- ^ Hogg & Thurston 1974 quote 1,590 ft/s (480 m/s) in WWI. Hall December 1972 quotes 1,574 ft/s (480 m/s) in the Second Boer War. The difference may be the propellant.
- ^ Hogg & Thurston 1972 quote 6000 yards in WWI. Hall June 1971 quotes 5600 yds in the Second Boer War.
- ^ Clarke 2004, page 17-18
- ^ a b c Hall, June 1973
- ^ a b Clarke 2004, page 18
- ^ Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 70
- ^ Appendices 28 and 29 of the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa
- ^ Hall, December 1975
- ^ Hall, December 1972
- ^ Farndale 1988, page 316
[edit] References
- Dale Clarke, British Artillery 1914-1919. Field Army Artillery. Osprey Publishing, Oxford UK, 2004
- General Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery : Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base 1914-18
- Major Darrell D. Hall, "Guns in South Africa 1899-1902" in The South African Military History Society. Military History Journal - Vol 2 No 1, June 1971
- Major Darrell D. Hall, "Field Artillery of the British Army 1860-1960. Part I, 1860 - 1900" in The South African Military History Society. Military History Journal - Vol 2 No 4, December 1972 (web page is incorrectly titled 1900-1914)
- Major Darrell D. Hall, "Field Artillery of the British Army 1860-1960. Part II, 1900 - 1914" in The South African Military History Society. Military History Journal - Vol 2 No 5, June 1973
- Major Darrell D. Hall, "AMMUNITION: 15-PR 7 cwt BL". in The South African Military History Society Military History Journal - Vol 3 No 4, December 1975
- I.V.Hogg & L.F. Thurston, British Artillery Weapons & Ammunition 1914 - 1918. London: Ian Allan, 1972
