Ordinance room
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In temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Ordinance room is a room where the ceremony known as the Endowment is administered, as well as other rituals called Sealings. Some temples perform a progressive-style ordinance where patrons move from room to room, each room representing a progression of mankind: the Creation room, representing the events of Genesis; the Garden room represents the Garden of Eden where Adam and Eve lived prior to the fall of man; the World room, where Adam and Eve lived after the fall; the Terrestrial room; and the Celestial room representing the Celestial Kingdom of God, or more commonly, heaven. There is also an additional ordinance room, the Sealing room, and at least one temple has a Holy of Holies. These two rooms are reserved for the administration of ordinances beyond the Endowment.
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[edit] Development of Ordinance rooms
The first building to have ordinance rooms, designed to conduct the Endowment, was Joseph Smith's store in Nauvoo, Illinois in 1842. Using canvas, Smith divided the store's large, second-floor room into "departments," which represented "the interior of a temple as much as circumstances would permit" (Anderson & Bergera, Quorum of Anointed, 2). The departments included a garden with potted plants and a veil. (Ibid., 3-4). After conducting the endowment services, Smith told Brigham Young, "This is not arranged right but we have done the best we could under the circumstances in which we are placed." Smith concluded that he wanted Young to "organize and systemize all these ceremonies." (Ibid., 6-7). After Smith's assassination in 1844, Young also used canvas to divide the large attic room in the Nauvoo Temple in the departments. Participants in the Nauvoo Temple ceremonies used the same names for the these department as the ordinance rooms in later temples: Garden Room, World Room, Terrestrial Room, Celestial Room, and Sealing Room, which was also called the Holy of Holies. (Anderson & Bergera, Endowment Companies, 2-4, 377; Smith, 204-206). With the recommencement of temple ordinances in Salt Lake City in the 1850s, Young followed the same method of using canvas to divide an upper floor of the Council House into the ordinance departments (Hyde, 90-99).
The above arrangement for administering the Endowment consisted of only temporary modifications to a building's interior rooms; obviously canvas partitions were not meant to be permanent. The first building to be designed specifically with actual progressive-style ordinance rooms for presentation of the Endowment was the Endowment House built in 1855 on Temple Square. This structure had the same rooms as the Nauvoo Temple and Council House, including a Garden Room with murals and potted evergreen plants, but the Sealing Room was not called the Holy of Holies (Tingen, 10). However, when the St. George Utah Temple, was completed in 1877, Young followed the Nauvoo Temple pattern of using "frame petitions [sic., partitions] with the curtains and doors" for Endowment rooms (McKinney, 7:305). Apparently, the rooms were later made more permanent in 1881, when a group of Utah artist painted murals on the walls (O'Brien, 14-15).
Perhaps, using the precedent of the rooms in Endowment House and St. George, architect Truman O. Angell, Jr., specifically designed the Logan Utah Temple interior with progressive ordinance rooms; the first temple so designed, which was dedicated in 1884. Manti Utah Temple architect, William Folsom, followed the same arrangement for that temple, which was dedicated in 1888. Based on his experience with the Logan Temple, Angell petitioned Church president John Taylor to override Brigham Young's original design for the Salt Lake Temple's interior with progressive ordinance rooms, which Taylor enthusiastically approved (Salt Lake Temple, 54-55). This became the pattern for all temples until the construction of the Bern Switzerland Temple, when non-progressive ordinance rooms were developed to incorporate the new movie Endowment ceremony (Buerger, 166). Since the 1950s Mormon temples have been built with one to fourteen ordinance rooms that are used as a combination of the first four rooms of earlier progressive-style format. The one exception to this pattern is the recently built Nauvoo Illinois Temple, which was designed with the progressive ordinance rooms, apparently as a tribute to the original temple ((2005 Church Almanac, 495-555). However, no matter the number or arrangement of ordinances rooms, the Celestial room is always a separate room, which culminates the Endowment experience. After the Endowment is a culmination of the temple rites administered in the Sealing Room and the Holy of Holies.
The following description of the various rooms is based on James E. Talmage's House of the Lord, which is typical of similar rooms in other Mormon temples. These ordinance rooms reflect the overall temple ceremonies, which is an overview of God's plan for humanity. Beginning with the creation, the endowment reviews man's mortal existence, and what one must do in order to return to God's presence as husband and wife with their children.
[edit] Creation room
This room generally has "murals on the walls [which] are subdued in tones, and depict scenes representative of the creation of the earth" as recorded in Genesis. It has no altar, only comfortable theater seating (Talmage, 204). In this room temple patrons "learn about the creation of the world" (Temples," 11).
[edit] Garden room
This room has murals "showing landscape of rare beauty." The murals depict scenes such as "sylvan grottos and mossy dells, lakelets and brooks, waterfalls and rivulets, trees, vines and flowers, insects, birds and beats, in short, the earth beautiful, as it was before the Fall of Adam and Eve. It may be called the Garden of Eden Room." It has an altar and theater seating (Talmage, 204-205). In this room temple patrons learn "about our first parents being placed in the Garden of Eden....how Satan tempted Adam and Eve, and how they were cast out of the garden and out of the presence of God into our world" (Temples, 11).
[edit] World room
This room's murals stand "in strong contrast to with those of the Garden Room." The "rocks are rent and riven" with "gnarled trees, misshapen, and blasted; shrubs maintain a precarious roothold in rocky clefts; thorns, thistles, cacti, and noxious weeds abound," and the animals depicted "are living under the ever-present menace of death" The scenes depicts the "lone and dreary world," where Adam and Eve "[have] been driven out to meet contention, to struggle with difficulties, [and] to live by strife and sweat" in a "fallen world." It has an altar and theater seating (Talmage, 205-206). In this room temple patrons "learn about the joys as well as the discomforts of life,...[where they are taught the gospel and enter into covenants of obedience with God" (Temples, 11).
[edit] Terrestrial room
This room has no murals, but is "restful in its soft coloring and air of comfort." Its appointments "combine richness and simplicity," often including elaborately framed mirrors and paintings, and crystal chandeliers. Comfortable theater seating faces an ornate altar, which is raised a number of steps off the floor, and behind which rests the "Veil of the Temple." "For convenience [this room is] designated the Terrestrial Room." In this room "lectures are given pertaining to the endowments" (Talmage, 206-207).
[edit] Celestial room
The veil separates this room from the Terrestrial Room. Again, this room has no murals, but "in finish and furnishings it is the grandest of all the large [ordinance] rooms within the walls" of the temple. Like the Terrestrial Room is has large mirrors, paintings, and chandeliers, but it is more "suggestive of conditions yet more exalted." Instead of seating for instruction it has tables with floral arrangements, as well as comfortable sofas and chairs (Talmadge, 207-209). The Celestial Room "symbolizes life as eternal families with our Heavenly Father and His Son, Jesus Christ" (Temple brochure, LDS Church). The Celestial Room is so called because it is symbolic of the Celestial Kingdom in LDS theology. Thus, the Celestial Room is a profoundly quiet and reverent place, where individuals may pause to pray and meditate. In most LDS temples, celestial rooms are elegant, beautiful, and brighter in decor than other parts of the temple.
[edit] Sealing room
All temples have at least one Sealing Room, and most temples have two or more. Sealing rooms come in a variety of sizes from small to large to accommodate varying numbers of people. Each room is dominated by a large "richly upholstered altar." Around the room are comfortable chairs and sofas. The "walls are of light tint," and generally on two of the walls are large mirrors, opposite each other. In this room "is solemnized the sacred ordinance of marriage between the parties who come to plight their vows of marital fidelity for time and eternity" (Talmage, 208-209).
[edit] Holy of Holies
The only temple to have a room designated as the Holy of Holies is the Salt Lake Temple. President Boyd K. Packer has taught that “hidden away in the central part of the temple is the Holy of Holies, where the President of the Church may retire when burdened down with heavy decisions to seek an interview with Him whose Church it is. The prophet holds the keys, the spiritual keys and the very literal key to this one door in that sacred edifice.” [1]
Of all the rooms in the Salt Lake Temple, this circular room is "by far the most beautiful" with "splendid simplicity rather than of sumptuous splendor".[2] Its ceiling is domed and fitted with circular and semi-circular windows. Its doorway "corresponds to the inner curtain or veil that shielded from public view the most sacred precincts" of earlier temples. Opposite the doorway is a large stain glass window depicting Joseph Smith's First Vision. The room has an altar, chairs and sofas. The Holy of Holies "is reserved for the higher ordinances in the priesthood relating to the exaltation of both the living and the dead." [3] In temples without a Holy of Holies these ordinances are administered in one of the Sealing Rooms, which is dedicated as a temporary Holy of Holies.
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Andrew, Laurel B., The Early Temples of the Mormon. Albany: State University of New York, 1978.
- Anderson, Devery S., and Bergera, Gary James. Joseph Smith's Quorum of the Anointed, 1842-1845. Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2006.
- Anderson, Devery S., and Bergera, Gary James. The Nauvoo Temple Endowment Companies, 1845-1846. Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2006.
- Buerger, David John. The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship. San Francisco: Smith Research Associates, 1994.
- 2005 Church Almanac. Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 2004.
- Hyde, John. Mormonism: Its Leaders and Designs. New York City: W. F. Fetridge & Company, 1857.
- McKinney, Scott G. Wilford Woodruff's Journals, 1833-1898. 9 vols. Midvale, Utah: Signature Books, 1983-1985
- O'Brien, Terry John. "The Study of Effect of Color in the Utah Temple Murals." Masters Thesis, Provo: Brigham Young University, 1968.
- The Salt Lake Temple: A Monument to a People. Salt Lake City: University Services, 1983.
- Smith, George D. An Intimate Chronicle: The Journals of William Clayton. Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1991.
- Talmage, James E. The House of the Lord. Rev. Ed. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1968.
- Temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1976.
- Tingen, James D. "The Endowment House, 1855-1889." Senior Research Paper, Provo: Brigham Young University, 1974.
