Orders of magnitude (magnetic flux density)
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This page lists examples of magnetic flux density in tesla produced by various different sources of energy. They are grouped by orders of magnitude, and each section covers three orders of magnitude, or a factor of one thousand.
Note:
- Traditionally, field strength, H, is measured in amperes/meter. Magnetic flux density or magnetic induction, B, has SI units tesla. One tesla is equal to 104 gauss.
- The flux density drops off as the square of the distance from the source. These examples attempt to make the measuring point clear, usually the surface of the item mentioned.
Contents |
[edit] Below 1 Tesla
[edit] attoteslas (10-18 tesla)
- 5 aT -SQUID magnetometers on Gravity Probe B gyros measure fields at this level over several days of averaged measurements [1]
[edit] femtoteslas (10-15 tesla)
- 2 fT -SQUID magnetometers on Gravity Probe B gyros measure fields at this level in about one second
[edit] picoteslas (10-12 tesla)
- 0.1 - 1.0 pT - human brain magnetic field
- 10 pT (1.0×10−11 tesla) - In September 2006, NASA found "potholes" in the magnetic field in the heliosheath around our solar system that are 10 picoteslas as reported by Voyager 1[2]
[edit] nanoteslas (10-9 tesla)
- 0.1 nT to 10 nT - magnetic field strength in the heliosphere
[edit] microteslas (10-6 tesla)
- 31 µT (3.1×10−5 T) - strength of Earth's magnetic field at 0° latitude (on the equator)
- 58 µT (5.8×10−5 T) - strength of Earth's magnetic field at 50° latitude
[edit] milliteslas (10-3 tesla)
- 5 mT - the strength of a typical refrigerator magnet [2]
- 150 mT (0.15 tesla) - the magnetic field strength of a sunspot
[edit] Between 1 and 1000 tesla
[edit] tesla
- 1 T to 2.4 T - coil gap of a typical loudspeaker magnet[3].
- 1.25 T - strength of a modern neodymium-iron-boron (Nd2Fe14B) rare earth magnet. A coin-sized neodymium magnet can lift more than 9 kg, and can pinch skin and erase credit cards.[4]
- 1.5 T to 3 T - strength of medical magnetic resonance imaging systems in practice, experimentally up to 7 T[5]
- 16 T - required strength to levitate a frog[6]
- 45 T - strongest continuous magnetic field yet produced in a laboratory (Florida State University's National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, USA)[7].
- 100 T - strongest (pulsed) magnetic field yet obtained non-destructively in a laboratory (LANL)[8][9]
[edit] Above 1000 tesla
[edit] kilotesla (103 tesla)
- 2.8 kT - strongest (pulsed) magnetic field ever obtained (with explosives) in a laboratory (VNIIEF in Sarov, Russia, 1998)[10]
[edit] megateslas (106 tesla)
- 1 to 100 MT (106 T to 108 T) - strength of a neutron star
[edit] gigateslas (109 tesla)
- 0.1 to 100 GT (108 to 1011 T) - strength of a magnetar
[edit] terateslas (1012 tesla)
- 10 TT (1013 T) - maximum theoretical field strength for a neutron star, and therefore the upper bound thus far for any known phenomenon
[edit] References
- ^ [1] Gravity Probe B
- ^ Surprises from the Edge of the Solar System. NASA (2006-09-21).
- ^ Elliot, Rod. Power Handling Vs. Efficiency. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
- ^ The Tesla Radio Conspiracy
- ^ Smith, Hans-Jørgen. Magnetic resonance imaging. Medcyclopaedia Textbook of Radiology. GE Healthcare. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
- ^ Frog defies gravity.
- ^ World's Most Powerful Magnet Tested Ushers in New Era for Steady High Field Research. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.
- ^ Laboratory sets high magnetic field records. LANL (2006-08-31).
- ^ One-of-a-kind magnet open for science. PhysOrg.com (2006-10-25).
- ^ With record magnetic fields to the 21st Century. IEEE Xplore.
