Orchard
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An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food production. Most orchards comprise either fruit or nut-producing trees (see fruit trees), for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of large gardens, where they serve an aesthetic as well as a productive purpose.[1]
Most temperate-zone orchards are laid out in a regular grid, with a grazed or mown grass or bare soil base that makes maintenance and fruit gathering easy.
Orchards are often concentrated near bodies of water, where climatic extremes are moderated and blossom time is retarded until frost danger is past.
The forest garden is a food production system that is closely related to the orchard. A move towards more ecologically-friendly coffee production has led to forest-garden production of coffee. Brazil Nuts and rubber are being produced in such a method in some areas.
Often, mixed orchards are planted. In Europe Quince is sometimes planted along with apples.
See also the "de:Streuobstwiese", a traditional landscape in the temperate, maritime climate of continental Western Europe. While Streuobstwiesen were kind of a rural community orchard in the 19th and early 20th century, originally meant for productive use of stone fruit, ecologists successfully propagated to have indirect state subsidizing for valuable Habitats and Biodiversity and beautiful landscapes. Even old conventional orchards provide a suitable habitat for many animal species that live in cultural landscape. A notable example is the hoopoe that nests in tree hollows of old fruit trees and is threatened in many parts of Europe because of the destruction of old orchards (in absence of other suitable nesting sites).[2]
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[edit] Crops
- Tropical areas
- Subtropical areas
- Temperate areas
- Apple
- Apricots
- Bayberry
- Blackberry
- Blueberry
- Cherry
- Chestnut
- Cranberry
- Governor 's plum
- Hazel
- Jingko
- Peach
- Pear
- Pecan
- Walnut
- Plum
- Persimmon
- Raspberry
- Sandpear
[edit] Orchards by region
The most extensive orchards in the United States are apple and orange orchards, although citrus orchards are more commonly called groves. The most extensive apple orchard area is in eastern Washington state, while there are extensive orange orchards in Florida and southern California. A particular advantage of growing apples on the high plateau areas of Washington state is that it is possible to grow high-quality organic apples. In eastern North America many orchards are along the shores of Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.
Murcia is a major orchard area in Europe, with citrus crops. New Zealand, China, Argentina, and Chile also have extensive apple orchards.
[edit] Towns associated with Orchards
Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire has been called The Town in the Orchard since the 19th century because it was surrounded by extensive orchards. Today this heritage is celebrated through an annual Applefest - see http://www.applefest.org.uk
[edit] Airports associated with Orchards
[edit] Historical Orchards
- Orchard House in Concord, Massachusetts the residence of American celebrated writer Louisa May Alcott
[edit] See also
- Berries
- Citrus
- Forest garden
- Fruit
- Fruit trees
- Fruit tree forms
- Fruit tree pollination
- Fruit tree propagation
- Pruning fruit trees
- Drupe
[edit] References
- ^ Luther Burbank. Practical Orchard Plans and Methods: How to Begin and Carry on the Work. The Minerva Group. ISBN 1414701411.
- ^ Berhens M. Why hoopoes won't trade. A Pro Natura Publication on the Global Economy and Nature. Pro Natura, Switzerland.
[edit] External links
- Home Orchard Society
- North American Fruit Explorers
- Orchards pathway on England In Particular
- Pennsylvania tree fruit production guide; a guide on how to set up an orchard in practice
