Orange, New South Wales
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| Orange New South Wales |
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| Population: | 35,446 [1] (as of 2006) | ||||||
| Established: | 1846 | ||||||
| Postcode: | 2800 | ||||||
| Elevation: | 863.2 m (2,832 ft) [2] | ||||||
| Location: | 250 km (155 mi) from Sydney | ||||||
| LGA: | City of Orange | ||||||
| County: | Wellington, Bathurst | ||||||
| State District: | Orange | ||||||
| Federal Division: | Calare | ||||||
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Orange is a provincial city in New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Mitchell Highway, also known as Summer Street as it passes through the central part of the city, 260 kilometres (160 mi) west of Sydney at an altitude of 862 metres (2,828 ft). The population is approaching 40,000 and the city is a major provincial centre.
Key industries include agriculture, mining, health services and education. A significant landmark nearby is Mount Canobolas at an altitude of 1,395 metres (4,577 ft) it gives commanding views of the district. Orange is one of the few cities in Australia to receive reasonably frequent snowfalls in winter.
Orange is the birthplace of poets Banjo Paterson and Kenneth Slessor, although Paterson only lived in Orange for a very short time as an infant.
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[edit] History
In 1822 Captain Percy Simpson drove into the Wellington District and established a convict settlement which was called "Blackman's Swamp" after John Blackman. Percy had employed John Blackman as a guide because he had already accompanied an earlier explorer into that region.
In the late 1820s surveyor J. B. Richards worked on a survey of the Macquarie River below Bathurst and also of the road to Wellington. On a plan dated 1829, he indicated a village reserve, in the parish of Orange. It is thought that Sir Thomas Mitchell may have named the parish, as he had been an associate of the Prince of Orange in the Peninsular War, when both were aides-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, whose title was bestowed on the valley westward, by Oxley.
Legal occupation by graziers began late in 1829, and tiny settlements grew up on the properties and in connection with the road. In 1844 surveyor Davidson was sent to check on encroachments onto the land reserved for a village, and to advise on the location for a township; the choice being Frederick's Valley, Pretty Plains or Blackman's Swamp.
Blackman's Swamp was decided upon and proclaimed a village and named Orange by Major Thomas Mitchell in 1846 in honour of Prince William of Orange. At nearby Ophir the first payable discovery of gold in Australia was made in 1851 which led to the Australian gold rush. Subsequent discoveries of gold in nearby areas led to the establishment of Orange as a central trading centre for the gold. This is contrary to the popular belief that gold was first discovered close to the nearby regional town of Bathurst, New South Wales.
The growth of Orange continued as the conditions were well suited for agriculture, and in 1860 it was proclaimed a municipality. The railway from Sydney reached Orange in 1877. In 1946, 100 years after first being established as a village, Orange was proclaimed a city.
[edit] Industries
Orange is a well known fruit growing district, and produces apples, pears, and many stone fruits such as cherries, peaches, apricots and plums. Somewhat ironically, oranges are not grown in the area, as the climate is too cool. In recent years, a large number of vineyards have been planted in the area for a rapidly expanding wine production industry. The growth of this wine industry, coupled with the further development of Orange as a gourmet food capital, has ensured Orange's status as something of a tourism capital.
Other large industries include the Cadia gold mine and an Electrolux white goods factory. Orange is also the location of the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries head office, and a campus of Charles Sturt University (formerly part of University of Sydney). Orange High School is the largest school in the city. Other secondary schools located within the city are Canobolas Rural Technology High School, Kinross Wolaroi College and James Sheahan Catholic High School.
[edit] Media
Orange has several radio stations, such as 105.1 2GZFM, 105.9 Star FM, 107.5 Community Radio, 103.5 Rhema FM and 1089AM - a commercial station that gets most of its programming from 2SM in Sydney. Recently a new radio station, Classifieds Radio, opened and broadcasts on 88.0FM.[citation needed]
Electronic media is represented by the ABC, and television by Prime, WIN and Southern Cross Ten.
The local newspaper is the Central Western Daily and the MidState Observer.
[edit] Transport
Orange is situated on the Mitchell Highway, linking the city to Bathurst to the East, and through to Molong, Wellington, Dubbo and Bourke to the north west. Due west are Parkes (100 km/62 mi) and Forbes (125 km/78 mi), which is midway along the Newell Highway, running from Brisbane to Melbourne. In 2007 a bypass road, known as the northern distributor road, was opened for use after decades of planning. Orange is also serviced by a regional-class airport, Orange Airport.
[edit] Railways
Orange has two railway stations. The main station, on the Main Western Line to Bourke, opened in 1877 [3] and is served by the daily Countrylink XPT service between Sydney and Dubbo and the weekly Xplorer service between Sydney and Broken Hill. A smaller station, opened in 1970[4], known as Orange East Fork lies on the branch line to Broken Hill and is served by the twice-weekly Indian Pacific service to Perth.
| Preceding station | CountryLink | Following station | ||
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towards Dubbo
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CountryLink Western
Dubbo XPT
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towards Sydney
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towards Broken Hill
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CountryLink Western
Broken Hill Outback Xplorer
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| Preceding station | Great Southern Railway | Following station | ||
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towards East Perth
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Indian Pacific |
towards Sydney
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[edit] Sister Cities
Orange is a sister city to:
[edit] Notable citizens
- Billy Bevan, actor
- Sir Charles Cutler (politician)
- Sir Neville Howse VC (military service - Australia's first Victoria Cross recipient, physician, politician)
- Frederick Hanson (New South Wales Police Commissioner)
- Banjo Paterson (poet)
- Mark Furze (actor)
- Kenneth Slessor (poet)
- Murray Cook (Red Wiggle)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Orange City Council
- 2001 Census Information from the Australian Bureau of Statistics
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries
- Collection of 18 images of Orange in 1996 - National Library of Australia
[edit] References
- ^ Census data
- ^ Orange Post Office. Climate Averages for Australian Sites. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
- ^ Orange railway station. www.nswrail.net. Retrieved on 2008-04-07.
- ^ Orange East Fork Platform. www.nswrail.net. Retrieved on 2008-04-07.
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