Ophidiidae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cusk eels
Pudgy cuskeel, Spectrunculus grandis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ophidiiformes Family: Ophidiidae
Subfamilies
Brotulinae Brotulotaeniinae Neobythitinae Ophidiinae See text for genera and species.

The Ophidiidae, including the cusk eels, are a group of marine fishes in the order Ophidiiformes. The name is from Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. However, they can be distinguished from true eels by their ventral fins, which are developed into a forked barbel-like organ below the mouth.^[1]

They are found in temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world. The largest species, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi, grows up to two metres in length, but most species are shorter than a metre.

A few species are fished commercially, most notably the pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes.

[edit] Species

There are 238 species in 49 genera:

• Subfamily Brotulinae
  • Genus Brotula
    • Bearded brotula, Brotula barbata (Linnaeus, 1758).
    • Pacific bearded brotula, Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944.
    • Goatsbeard brotula, Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846.
    • Ordway's brotula, Brotula ordwayi Hildebrand & Barton, 1949.
    • Townsend's cusk eel, Brotula townsendi Fowler, 1900.
• Subfamily Brotulotaeniinae
  • Genus Brotulotaenia
    • Brotulotaenia brevicauda Cohen, 1974.
    • Violet cuskeel, Brotulotaenia crassa Parr, 1934.
    • Brotulotaenia nielseni (Cohen, 1974).
    • Brotulotaenia nigra Parr, 1933.
• Subfamily Neobythitinae
  • Genus Abyssobrotula
    • Abyssobrotula galatheae Nielsen, 1977.
  • Genus Acanthonus
    • Bony-eared assfish, Acanthonus armatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
  • Genus Alcockia
    • Alcockia rostrata (Günther, 1887).
  • Genus Apagesoma
    • Apagesoma delosommatus (Hureau, Staiger & Nielsen, 1979).
    • Apagesoma edentatum Carter, 1983.
  • Genus Barathrites
    • Barathrites iris Zugmayer, 1911.
    • Barathrites parri Nybelin, 1957.
  • Genus Barathrodemus
    • Barathrodemus manatinus Goode & Bean, 1883.
      

      

      Barathrodemus manatinus
    • Barathrodemus nasutus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Bassogigas
    • Bassogigas gillii Goode & Bean, 1896.
      

      

      Bassogigas gillii
  • Genus Bassozetus
    • Abyssal assfish, Bassozetus compressus (Günther, 1878).
    • Bassozetus elongatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Bassozetus galatheae (Nielsen, 1977).
    • Bassozetus glutinosus (Alcock, 1890).
    • Bassozetus levistomatus Machida, 1989.
    • Bassozetus multispinis Shcherbachev, 1980.
    • Bassozetus nasus Garman, 1899.
    • Bassozetus normalis Gill, 1883.
      

      

      Bassozetus normalis
    • Bassozetus oncerocephalus (Vaillant, 1888).
    • Bassozetus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Bassozetus taenia (Günther, 1887).
    • Bassozetus werneri Nielsen & Merrett, 2000.
    • Bassozetus zenkevitchi Rass, 1955.
  • Genus Bathyonus
    • Bathyonus caudalis (Garman, 1899).
    • Bathyonus laticeps (Günther, 1878).
      

      

      Bathyonus laticeps
    • Bathyonus pectoralis Goode & Bean, 1885.
      

      

      Bathyonus pectoralis
  • Genus Benthocometes
    • Benthocometes robustus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
      

      

      Benthocometes robustus
  • Genus Dannevigia
    • Australian tusk, Dannevigia tusca Whitley, 1941.
  • Genus Dicrolene
    • Dicrolene filamentosa Garman, 1899.
    • Dicrolene gregoryi Trotter, 1926.
    • Dicrolene hubrechti Weber, 1913.
    • Digitate cusk eel, Dicrolene introniger Goode & Bean, 1883.
      

      

      Digitate cusk eel, Dicrolene introniger
    • Dicrolene kanazawai Grey, 1958.
    • Dicrolene longimana Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Dicrolene mesogramma Shcherbachev, 1980.
    • Slender brotula, Dicrolene multifilis (Alcock, 1889).
    • Dicrolene nigra (Parr, 1933).
    • Dicrolene nigricaudis (Alcock, 1891).
    • Dicrolene pallidus Hureau & Nielsen, 1981.
    • Dicrolene pullata Garman, 1899.
    • Dicrolene quinquarius (Günther, 1887).
    • Dicrolene tristis Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Dicrolene vaillanti (Alcock, 1890).
  • Genus Enchelybrotula
    • Enchelybrotula gomoni Cohen, 1982.
    • Enchelybrotula paucidens Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Epetriodus
    • Epetriodus freddyi Cohen & Nielsen, 1978.
  • Genus Eretmichthys
    • Eretmichthys pinnatus Garman, 1899.
  • Genus Glyptophidium
    • Glyptophidium argenteum Alcock, 1889.
    • Glyptophidium effulgens Nielsen & Machida, 1988.
    • Glyptophidium japonicum (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887).
    • Bigeye brotula, Glyptophidium longipes Norman, 1939.
    • Glyptophidium lucidum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Glyptophidium macropus Alcock, 1894.
    • Glyptophidium oceanium Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Holcomycteronus
    • Holcomycteronus aequatoris (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
    • Holcomycteronus brucei (Dollo, 1906).
    • Holcomycteronus digittatus Garman, 1899.
    • Holcomycteronus profundissimus (Roule, 1913).
    • Holcomycteronus pterotus (Alcock, 1890).
    • Holcomycteronus squamosus (Roule, 1916).
  • Genus Homostolus
    • Homostolus acer Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Hoplobrotula
    • Hoplobrotula armata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Hoplobrotula badia Machida, 1990.
    • False kinglip, Hoplobrotula gnathopus (Regan, 1921).
  • Genus Hypopleuron
    • Hypopleuron caninum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Lamprogrammus
    • Lamprogrammus brunswigi (Brauer, 1906).
    • Legless cuskeel, Lamprogrammus exutus Nybelin & Poll, 1958.
    • Lamprogrammus fragilis Alcock, 1892.
    • Lamprogrammus niger Alcock, 1891.
      

      

      Lamprogrammus niger
    • Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi Cohen & Rohr, 1993.
  • Genus Leptobrotula
    • Leptobrotula breviventralis Nielsen, 1986.
  • Genus Leucicorus
    • Leucicorus atlanticus Nielsen, 1975.
    • Leucicorus lusciosus Garman, 1899.
  • Genus Luciobrotula
    • Luciobrotula bartschi Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Luciobrotula corethromycter Cohen, 1964.
    • Luciobrotula lineata (Gosline, 1954).
    • Luciobrotula nolfi Cohen, 1981.
  • Genus Mastigopterus
    • Mastigopterus imperator Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
  • Genus Monomitopus
    • Monomitopus agassizii (Goode & Bean, 1896).
      

      

      Monomitopus agassizii
    • Monomitopus americanus (Nielsen, 1971).
    • Monomitopus conjugator (Alcock, 1896).
    • Monomitopus garmani (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
    • Monomitopus kumae Jordan & Hubbs, 1925.
    • Monomitopus longiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Monomitopus magnus Carter & Cohen, 1985.
    • Monomitopus malispinosus (Garman, 1899).
    • Monomitopus metriostoma (Vaillant, 1888).
    • Monomitopus microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
    • Monomitopus nigripinnis (Alcock, 1889).
    • Monomitopus pallidus (Hureau & Nielsen, 1981).
    • Monomitopus torvus Garman, 1899.
    • Monomitopus vitiazi (Nielsen, 1971).
  • Genus Neobythites
    • Neobythites alcocki Nielsen, 2002.
    • Black-edged cuskeel, Neobythites analis Barnard, 1927.
    • Neobythites andamanensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites australiensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites bimaculatus Nielsen, 1997.
    • Neobythites bimarginatus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979.
    • Neobythites braziliensis Nielsen, 1999.
    • Neobythites crosnieri Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites elongatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
    • Neobythites fasciatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Neobythites fijiensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites franzi Nielsen, 2002.
    • Twospot brotula, Neobythites gilli (Goode & Bean, 1896).
      

      

      Twospot brotula, Neobythites gilli
    • Neobythites javaensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites kenyaensis Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites longipes (Norman, 1939).
    • Neobythites longispinis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites longiventralis Nielsen, 1997.
    • Neobythites macrocelli Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites macrops Günther, 1887.
    • Neobythites malayanus Weber, 1913.
    • Neobythites malhaensis Nielsen, 1995.
    • Stripefin brotula, Neobythites marginatus (DeKay, 1842).
      

      

      Stripefin brotula, Neobythites marginatus
    • Neobythites marianaensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites marquesaensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites meteori Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites monocellatus Nielsen, 1999.
    • Neobythites multidigitatus Nielsen, 1999.
    • Neobythites multistriatus Nielsen & Quéro, 1991.
    • Neobythites musorstomi Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites natalensis Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites neocaledoniensis Nielsen, 1997.
    • Neobythites nigriventris Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites ocellatus (Garman, 1899).
    • Neobythites pallidus (Hureau & Nielsen, 1981).
    • Neobythites purus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Neobythites sereti Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites sinensis Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites sivicola (Jordan & Snyder, 1901).
    • Neobythites soelae Nielsen, 2002.
    • Neobythites somaliaensis Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites steatiticus Alcock, 1894.
    • Neobythites stefanovi Nielsen & Uiblein, 1993.
    • Thread brotula, Neobythites stelliferoides Gilbert, 1890.
    • Neobythites stigmosus Machida, 1984.
    • Neobythites trifilis Kotthaus, 1979.
    • Neobythites unicolor Nielsen & Retzer, 1994.
    • Neobythites unimaculatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
    • Neobythites vityazi Nielsen, 1995.
    • Neobythites zonatus Nielsen, 1997.
  • Genus Neobythitoides
    • Neobythitoides serratus Nielsen & Machida, 2006.^[2]
  • Genus Penopus
    • Penopus microphthalmus (Vaillant, 1888).
      

      

      Penopus microphthalmus
  • Genus Petrotyx
    • Velvetnose brotula, Petrotyx hopkinsi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903.
    • Redfin brotula, Petrotyx sanguineus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928).
  • Genus Porogadus
    • Porogadus abyssalis Nybelin, 1957.
    • Porogadus atripectus Garman, 1899.
    • Porogadus catena (Goode & Bean, 1885).
      

      

      Porogadus catena
    • Cavernous assfish, Porogadus gracilis (Günther, 1878).
    • Porogadus guentheri Jordan & Fowler, 1902.
    • Porogadus longiceps (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
    • Porogadus melampeplus (Alcock, 1896).
    • Porogadus melanocephalus (Alcock, 1891).
    • Slender cuskeel, Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885.
      

      

      Slender cuskeel, Porogadus miles
    • Porogadus nudus Vaillant, 1888.
    • Porogadus silus Carter & Sulak, 1984.
    • Porogadus subarmatus Vaillant, 1888.
    • Porogadus trichiurus (Alcock, 1890).
  • Genus Pycnocraspedum
    • Pycnocraspedum armatum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Pycnocraspedum fulvum (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949).
    • Pycnocraspedum microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
    • Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma (Parr, 1933).
    • Pycnocraspedum squamipinne Alcock, 1889.
  • Genus Selachophidium
    • Gunther's cuskeel, Selachophidium guentheri (Jordan & Fowler, 1902).
  • Genus Sirembo
    • Sirembo imberbis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
    • Brown-banded cusk-eel, Sirembo jerdoni (Day, 1888).
    • Sirembo marmoratum (Goode & Bean, 1885).
      

      

      Sirembo marmoratum
    • Sirembo metachroma Cohen & Robins, 1986.
  • Genus Spectrunculus
    • Pudgy cuskeel, Spectrunculus grandis (Günther, 1877).
  • Genus Spottobrotula
    • Spottobrotula amaculata Cohen & Nielsen, 1982.
    • Spottobrotula mahodadi Cohen & Nielsen, 1978.
  • Genus Tauredophidium
    • Tauredophidium hextii Alcock, 1890.
      

      

      Tauredophidium hextii
  • Genus Typhlonus
    • Typhlonus nasus (Garman, 1899).
  • Genus Ventichthys
    • Ventichthys biospeedoi Nielsen, Møller & Segonzac, 2006.
  • Genus Xyelacyba
    • Xyelacyba myersi Cohen, 1961.
• Subfamily Ophidiinae
  • Genus Cherublemma
    • Black brotula, Cherublemma emmelas (Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Chilara
    • Spotted cusk-eel, Chilara taylori (Girard, 1858).
  • Genus Genypterus
    • Pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes (Forster, 1801).
    • Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903.
    • Kingklip, Genypterus capensis (Smith, 1847).
    • Red cusk-eel, Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848).
    • Black cusk-eel, Genypterus maculatus (Kaup, 1858).
    • Rock ling, Genypterus tigerinus Klunzinger, 1872.
  • Genus Lepophidium
    • Dusky cusk-eel, Lepophidium aporrhox Robins, 1961.
    • Shortbeard cusk-eel, Lepophidium brevibarbe (Cuvier, 1829).
    • Mottled cusk-eel, Lepophidium jeannae Fowler, 1941.
    • Lepophidium kallion Robins, 1959.
    • Silver cusk eel, Lepophidium microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
    • Specklefin cusk eel, Lepophidium negropinna Hildebrand & Barton, 1949.
    • Leopard cusk eel, Lepophidium pardale (Gilbert, 1890).
    • Blackedge cusk-eel, Lepophidium pheromystax Robins, 1960.
    • Blackrim cusk-eel, Lepophidium profundorum (Gill, 1863).
      

      

      Blackrim cusk-eel, Lepophidium profundorum
    • Prowspine cusk eel, Lepophidium prorates (Jordan & Bollman, 1890).
    • Barred cusk-eel, Lepophidium staurophor Robins, 1958.
    • Blotchfin cusk eel, Lepophidium stigmatistium (Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Ophidion
    • Longnose cusk-eel, Ophidion antipholus Lea & Robins, 2003.
    • Ophidion asiro (Jordan & Fowler, 1902).
    • Snake blenny, Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758.
    • Ophidion beani Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.
    • Shorthead cusk-eel, Ophidion dromio Lea & Robins, 2003.
    • Ophidion exul Robins, 1991.
    • Earspot cusk eel, Ophidion fulvum (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949).
    • Striped cusk eel, Ophidion galeoides (Gilbert, 1890).
    • Ophidion genyopus (Ogilby, 1897).
    • Blotched cusk-eel, Ophidion grayi (Fowler, 1948).
    • Band cusk-eel, Ophidion holbrookii (Putnam, 1874).
    • Mimic cusk-eel, Ophidion imitator Lea, 1997.
    • Rainbow cusk eel, Ophidion iris (Zugmayer, 1911).
    • Ophidion josephi Girard, 1858.
    • Harelip cusk, Ophidion lagochila (Böhlke & Robins, 1959).
    • Ophidion lozanoi Matallanas, 1990.
    • Striped cusk-eel, Ophidion marginatum (DeKay, 1842).
    • Ophidion metoecus Robins, 1991.
    • Ophidion muraenolepis (Günther, 1880).
    • Letter opener, Ophidion nocomis Robins & Böhlke, 1959.
    • Colonial cusk-eel, Ophidion robinsi Fahay, 1992.
    • Ophidion rochei Müller, 1845.
    • Ophidion saldanhai Matallanas & Brito, 1999.
    • Basketweave cusk-eel, Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916).
    • Mooneye cusk-eel, Ophidion selenops Robins & Böhlke, 1959.
    • Ophidion smithi (Fowler, 1934).
    • Crested cusk-eel, Ophidion welshi (Nichols & Breder, 1922).
  • Genus Otophidium
    • Ghost cusk-eel, Otophidium chickcharney Böhlke & Robins, 1959.
    • Sleeper cusk-eel, Otophidium dormitator Böhlke & Robins, 1959.
    • Bighead cusk eel, Otophidium indefatigabile Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
    • Polka-dot cusk-eel, Otophidium omostigma (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).
      

      

      Polka-dot cusk-eel, Otophidium omostigma
  • Genus Parophidion
    • Dusky cusk-eel, Parophidion schmidti (Woods & Kanazawa, 1951).
    • Parophidion vassali (Risso, 1810).
  • Genus Raneya
    • Raneya brasiliensis (Regan, 1903).

[edit] References

1. ^ "Ophidiidae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
2. ^ Nielsen & Machida (2006). "Neobythitoides serratus, a new bathyal genus and species from the East China Sea (Teleostei, Ophidiidae)". Zootaxa 1227: 63–68.