Operatie Product
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| Operation Product | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Netherlands |
 Indonesia |
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| Commanders | |||||||
| Simon Hendrik Spoor |
Sudirman Sukarno Mohammad Hatta |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 35,000 [1] | |||||||
| This article is part of the History of Indonesia series |
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Operatie Product, was the first of two major Dutch military offensives against the Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution. It took place following Dutch assertions that Indonesia cooperated insufficiently in the implementation of the Linggadjati Agreement, which had been ratified on March 25, 1947 by the lower chamber of the Dutch parliament.
Operatie Product, set up by General Simon Spoor, was intended to occupy economically important areas of West and East Java, leaving Yogyakarta, seat of the Republican government, alone because of the high costs that the fighting was expected to incur. The operation resulted in the occupation of large parts of Java and Sumatra, with the Republican army (TNI) offering only weak resistance. Nevertheless, the TNI and its allies continued to conduct guerilla operations in Dutch-controlled territory. However, the Dutch were held back from full conquest of the Republic because of pressure from the UN Security Council, and by the United States, who were calling for a ceasefire. [2] This led to the announcement of a ceasefire in January of 1948, and followed by a formal armistice. As a consequence, what was previously considered to be an internal Dutch affair now took on an international dimension.
The 'Renville agreement', as the armistice was called, stipulated the withdrawal of Indonesian forces from Dutch-occupied territory, and this was indeed put into effect. After some time, however, the Indonesian military, secretly, returned and began guerrilla operations against the Dutch. This led, eventually, to the second major Dutch offensive, called Operatie Kraai. [3]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other ... - Page 675 by Micheal Clodfelter
- ^ Ending Empire: Contested Sovereignty and Territorial Partition By Hendrik Spruyt pg 150
- ^ Agressi II: Operatie Kraai. De vergeten beelden van de tweede politionele actie. Orig. edn. - ZWEERS, L
- Ricklefs, M.C. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300. Second Edition. MacMillan, 1991.
