Oliguria

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Symptom/Sign: Oliguria
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R34.
ICD-9 788.5

Oliguria and anuria are the decreased or absent production of urine, respectively. The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.

Contents

[edit] Definition

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.[1]

[edit] Pathophysiology

The pathophysiologic mechanisms causing oliguria can be categorized globally in three different categories:

[edit] Postoperative oliguria

Patients usually have decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:

  • fluid/ blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
  • response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release

[edit] Oliguria in infants

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.[2]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria.". N Engl J Med 338 (10): 671-5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199803053381007. PMID 9486997.  Free Full Text.
  2. ^ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life.". Pediatr Nephrol 1 (3): 308-13. doi:10.1007/BF00849229. PMID 3153294.