Oley Valley
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The Oley Valley is a valley 10 miles northeast of Reading, Pennsylvania, United States of America. It covers all of Oley, Pike, Ruscombmanor, Alsace and part of Exeter Township. The valley is drained by Manatawny and Pine Creeks, and is a part of the Schuylkill River system. At the center of the valley is the village of Oley. The village has a strong Pennsylvania Dutch and historical heritage, and is one of two historical districts in the entire United States.
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[edit] History
[edit] Native Americans in the Valley
Before European settlers arrived the valley was home to a tribe of Delaware (Lenni-Lenape). In fact it was the Native Americans that gave Oley its name. In Lenape Olink means kettle, which is what the valley is roughly shaped like. The valley was an important meeting place for Native Americans. The Sacred Oak, which is located about one mile from Main Street is an over 300 year old Oak tree at which the Lenape made treaties and settled differences.
The first European settlers arrived in the Oley Valley in the early 1700's. When they arrived they found a prosperous Lenape villages and fields of corn. The settlers and the Native Americans existed peacefully for many years with the some of the Indians converting to Christianity. However when the French and Indian War began relations between the settlers and the Lenape became strained. One day it was reported that a nearby farmer had been killed by Indians and the entire town gathered in the largest house. That night sentries were posted and all men with their muskets were positioned at small firing ports cut in the building's wall. The next morning a man was seen walking down the road, at first perceived to be an Indian it turned out to be the farmer who had supposedly been murdered. The farmer had no knowledge of his supposed death and informed the townspeople that in the middle of the night all the Lenape had disappeared from the Oley Valley. It is believed that Native Americans of the Valley left to fight in the war although it is still a mystery since none of them ever returned. The Indians' dwellings were left standing and undisturbed for many years until the last house collapsed in 1856.
[edit] The settlers
The first European settlers in the Oley Valley arrived in the early 1700s. The settlers were primarily German along with French Huguenots and Swedes seeking religious freedom. One of the Valleys early residents was Mordecai Lincoln, the great-grandfather of Abraham Lincoln the 16th President of United States. The Lincoln Homestead can still be seen and visited in what is now Exeter Township.
Another one of the Valley’s early residents was the Boone family. Daniel Boone the famous pioneer was born in Oley in 1734. Oley played an important role during the early days of the Revolutionary War. During George Washington's encampment at Valley Forge Oley’s farmers sent large amounts of food along with cannon balls made at the Oley Furnace to bolster Washington's army.
The "Annals of Oley Valley" were written in 1926 and continue to be a genealogical resource to this day. The town was originally named "Friedensburg" but that was changed after World War II because it was too often confused with a different Friedensburg PA located farther north.
Prior to World War II, Pennsylvania Dutch was still the primary language of the native residents. After the war use of the language decreased and today it is only fluently spoken by the older residents of the valley. Even through the language is almost gone a strong heritage remains among the people of the valley.
[edit] Mountain Mary
One of the most prominent people in the history of early Oley was Mountain Mary. Originally Mary Jung, Mountain Mary was best known as a physician. Her knowledge of herbal remedies for various ailments is the basis of her notoriety, even today. She was a resource for those seeking advice and despite her solitude, living alone on top of the mountain near Hill Church, she continued to offer remedies and comfort to the sick. She met her own death after becoming ill in November of 1819.
[edit] Community
"Oley" is the small village located at the center of the Oley Valley. It sits at the intersection of Route 73 and Route 662.
On Main Street, where most businesses are located in the Oley community, the Oley Valley Inn sits at the heart of the town. Despite being centered in a rural area, the Oley Valley Inn (or the Inn at Oley) is a very formal restaurant and inn, and requires a reservation most of the time. Also located on Main Street is Ernst Licht embroidering, which is world famous for its authentic German clothing. Down the street from the Inn is the Oley Valley Fire company and fire company fair grounds.
A Weis/King's supermarket (The IGA as it is called by the locals) sits on the corner of route 73 and Friedensberg road, also in the supermarket complex is a Movie Gallery video rental store. There are plenty of places to eat in Oley. The M&M sandwich shop sits in between the Oley Valley Inn and the supermarket. Built in a barn, it is a popular place to eat for kids coming from the high school, which is located on Jefferson St. In the Weis/King's supermarket complex, there is Lentini's Italian restaurant. Across route 73, there is Bella Italia, another Italian restaurant. Right on route 73, there is the Oley Diner, which serves typical diner-style food. Also Christman's Meat market is a local historical spot, is a small family owned butcher shop, which has been there for 30 years.
[edit] The Oley Fair
In 1946 the Oley Valley Community Fair Association was officially established. A year later the first annual Oley Valley Community Fair was held on October 2-October 4. The first Oley Fair included exhibits of locally produced goods, exhibits from local businesses, entertainment, and food.
The Oley Fair originally began on the Oley School grounds. Classes were dismissed early in order to set up for the fair. Various exhibits were housed inside the school including the Home Economics, Fruit and Vegetable Departments, as well as some commercial displays. A few Oley citizens lent money to the Fair to purchase surplus tents from the Army. These tents were erected on the playing fields behind the school to house the Farm Crops and Livestock.
In 1958, building expansions on the Oley School grounds limited the availability of buildings to the Fair Association. For this reason other locations were considered and the Oley Fire Company grounds, which were adjacent to the school grounds, were selected as an alternate location for the fair. The fair was also able to purchase 2½ acres (1 ha) of land adjacent to the Oley Fire Company grounds which is used for additional parking. All of these projects have helped to better display and promote many of the fair’s exhibits and activities.
The Oley Fair still continues strong to this day with the Fair celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2006. The Fair has become a community tradition and some people work hard for the entire year to grow a prize winning fruit or vegetable. The Fair continues to offer the people of the Valley an opportunity to show their prize winning livestock and produce. The Fair is also famous for its food. All the food is prepared by volunteers, not commercial vendors, and is cooked in traditional Pennsylvania Dutch style.
[edit] Reading Motor Cycle Club
Oley is home to the Reading Motorcycle club which has met annually in Oley for the past 65 years. Officially, the Reading Motorcycle Club is 90 years old. Although research has turned up evidence of an organized motorcycle club in Reading as early as 1905, it wasn't until 1914 that the club was officially incorporated. Oley is home to a rural community which welcomes the motorcycle community. [1]
[edit] Recent Development of the Oley Valley
Starting the summer of 2006 the construction of two developments began in Oley. One development is being built at Cricket Slopes with 12 homes and another at Middlecreek Farms with 35 homes. These are the first large scale developments to be built in the Valley in almost 30 years. Also in the winter of 2006 construction began on a 130 home 55 and older community built on 30 acres of land, next to the Elementary and Middle school. Many people have complained that these developments harm the rural and historical heritage of Oley, as well as increase the taxes, and the local government has put zoning in place to protect/preserve the prime farmland.
