Oldest people
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The longest unambiguously documented lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who was aged 122 years and 164 days. She met Vincent van Gogh at age 14.[1] This led to her being noticed by the media in 1988, at age 113. Subsequent investigation found that her life was documented in the records of her native city of Arles beyond reasonable question. More evidence for the Calment case has been produced than for any other supercentenarian case, which makes her case a gold standard among the oldest people recordholders. This is contrasted with the now-disputed claim of age 120 for the oldest man ever, Shigechiyo Izumi. While this case is currently still recognized by Guinness World Records, the Japanese authorities have hinted that his age was not certain.[2] This claim was accepted in 1978, but subsequent additional research (as early as 1984) has raised doubt as to whether his birth date was confused with that of a brother who died at a young age.
Since the death of Yone Minagawa on August 13, 2007, the oldest living person is 115 year-old Edna Parker of the U.S., who was born on April 20, 1893.[3] She and Maria de Jesus of Portugal are the only validated surviving people who were alive in 1893.
[edit] Oldest living people
The following is a list of the people who have held the title of oldest recognized person in the world since 1955 (the year Guinness Records began). This list does not reflect the original lists, but is instead retroactive – for example, the Betsy Baker case was not independently verified until the 2000s.
The longest consecutive time with the title of World's Oldest Person held was by Shigechiyo Izumi of Japan for 3384 days from November 16, 1976 to February 21, 1986. The shortest consecutive time was by Emma Tillman of the United States for 4 days from January 24, 2007 to January 28, 2007. The average length of time served as World's Oldest Person for the 36 people following Betsy Baker (not including the current serving person, Edna Parker) has been approximately 525.5 days. The country with the most people on the list is the United States with 12 (14 including Puerto Rico), followed by the United Kingdom with 9, and Japan with 6.
This graph represents the list of people who have held the record as the the oldest living person of which there is data, each person is represented by a single grey dot placed in the place of their final age and the date of when it was. The red circles represent the list of people who have progessively become the oldest people in history. The blue placemark indicates the current oldest person in the world, Edna Parker. The case of Shigechiyo Izumi is disputed, therefore, all people in his supposed record time period are counted, including Mathew Beard. However, if his case was proven, then he would be counted and all people under him would be erased.
[edit] Oldest living men (since 1961)
Note: Guinness World Records has only maintained the category of oldest living man intermittently over the years, not establishing it permanently until the year 2000. Persons listed prior to 2000 may be based on an historical reconstruction.
The longest consecutive time with the title of World's Oldest Man held was by Shigechiyo Izumi of Japan for 4,367 days from March 9, 1974 to February 21, 1986. The shortest consecutive time was by Henri Pérignon of France for 8 days from June 10, 1990 to June 18, 1990. The country with the most people on the list is the United States with 9, followed by Japan with 4, and the United Kingdom with 3.
[edit] Oldest people ever (115+)
# | Name | Age | Born | Died | Sex | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jeanne Calment | 122 years 164 days | 21 February 1875 | 4 August 1997 | F | Oldest documented and fully validated supercentenarian ever |
2 | Shigechiyo Izumi | 120? years 225 days | 11 July 1865? | 21 February 1986 | M | Oldest male supercentenarian (disputed) |
3 | Sarah Knauss | 119 years 97 days | 24 September 1880 | 30 December 1999 | F | Oldest in U.S. history, oldest recognized in world 1998–99 |
4 | Lucy Hannah | 117 years 248 days | 16 July 1875 | 21 March 1993 | F | Oldest African American |
5 | Marie-Louise Meilleur | 117 years 230 days | 29 August 1880 | 16 April 1998 | F | Oldest Canadian, oldest recognized in world 1997 – 98 |
6 | María Capovilla | 116 years 347 days | 14 September 1889 | 27 August 2006 | F | Oldest in Ecuador ever, oldest living person 2004 – 2006 |
7 | Tane Ikai | 116 years 175 days | 18 January 1879 | 12 July 1995 | F | Oldest Japanese woman |
8 | Elizabeth Bolden | 116 years 118 days | 15 August 1890 | 11 December 2006 | F | Oldest living person at time of her death, Tennesseean |
9 | Carrie White | 116? years 88 days | 18 November 1874? | 14 February 1991 | F | Formerly oldest in U.S. history, fourth-oldest American ever recorded (disputed) |
10 | Kamato Hongo | 116? years 45 days | 16 September 1887? | 31 October 2003 | F | Third-oldest Japanese person (disputed) |
11 | Maggie Barnes | 115 years 319 days | 6 March 1882 | 19 January 1998 | F | North Carolina woman |
12 | Christian Mortensen | 115 years 252 days | 16 August 1882 | 25 April 1998 | M | Oldest undisputed male, Danish immigrant to U.S. |
13 | Charlotte Hughes | 115 years 228 days | 1 August 1877 | 17 March 1993 | F | British longevity recordholder |
14 | Margaret Skeete | 115 years 192 days | 27 October 1878 | 7 May 1994 | F | Was oldest living American 1993-1994; Texas state recordholder |
15 | Emiliano Mercado del Toro | 115 years 156 days | 21 August 1891 | 24 January 2007 | M | Oldest person in Puerto Rico ever. Only man of post-Izumi years to be oldest person in the world. Oldest war veteran ever |
16 | Bettie Wilson | 115 years 153 days | 13 September 1890 | 13 February 2006 | F | U.S. |
17 | Anitica Butariu | 115? years 144 days | 30 June 1882? | 21 November 1997 | F | Romania |
18 | Julie Bertrand | 115 years 124 days | 16 September 1891 | 18 January 2007 | F | Second-oldest Canadian ever, world's oldest woman for one month until she died |
19 | Susie Gibson | 115 years 108 days | 31 October 1890 | 16 February 2006 | F | U.S. |
20 | Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper | 115 years 62 days | 29 June 1890 | 30 August 2005 | F | Netherlands, oldest Dutch person ever |
21 | Maud Farris-Luse | 115 years 56 days | 21 January 1887 | 18 March 2002 | F | U.S. |
22 | Edna Parker | 115 years, 50 days | 20 April 1893 | Living | F | U.S. |
23 | Marie Brémont | 115 years 42 days | 25 April 1886 | 6 June 2001 | F | France |
24 | Annie Jennings | 115 years 8 days | 12 November 1884 | 20 November 1999 | F | UK |
[edit] Oldest men ever (top 10)
# | Name | Age | Born | Died | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shigechiyo Izumi | 120? years 237 days | 29 June 1865? | 21 February 1986 | Oldest male supercentenarian (disputed) |
2 | Christian Mortensen | 115 years 252 days | 16 August 1882 | 25 April 1998 | Oldest undisputed male, Danish immigrant to U.S. |
3 | Emiliano Mercado del Toro | 115 years 156 days | 21 August 1891 | 24 January 2007 | Oldest person in the world December 2006-January 2007 |
4 | Mathew Beard[8] | 114? years 222 days | 9 July 1870? | 16 February 1985 | Oldest native-born American man |
5 | Yukichi Chuganji | 114 years 189 days | 23 March 1889 | 28 September 2003 | Second-oldest Japanese man |
6 | Joan Riudavets | 114 years 81 days | 15 December 1889 | 5 March 2004 | Spanish longevity recordholder |
7 | Fred Hale, Sr. | 113 years 354 days | 1 December 1890 | 19 November 2004 | Oldest man in the world March-November 2004 |
8 | Moses Hardy | 113? years 335 days | 6 January 1893? | 7 December 2006 | American |
9 | Johnson Parks | 113 years 275 days | 15 October 1884 | 17 July 1998 | American |
10 | John Ingram McMorran | 113 years 250 days | 19 June 1889 | 24 February 2003 | American |
[edit] Oldest validated people currently living (top 10)
Please note that approximately 90% of all supercentenarians are women. This list is currently all female.
# | Name | Age as of 9 June 2008 | Sex | Born | Residence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Edna Parker | 115 years, 50 days | F | 20 April 1893 | Oldest person in the world (since August 13, 2007). Lives in Indiana, United States |
2 | Maria de Jesus | 114 years, 273 days | F | 10 September 1893 | Lives in Portugal |
3 | Gertrude Baines | 114 years, 64 days | F | 6 April 1894 | Lives in California, United States |
4 | Catherine Hagel | 113 years, 194 days | F | 28 November 1894 | Lives in Minnesota, United States |
5 | Beatrice Farve | 113 years, 40 days | F | 30 April 1895 | Lives in Georgia, United States |
6 | Mary Josephine Ray | 113 years, 23 days | F | 17 May 1895 | Lives in New Hampshire, United States |
7 | Manuela Fernández-Fojaco | 112 years, 357 days | F | 18 June 1895 | Lives in Asturias, Spain |
8 | Olivia Patricia Thomas | 112 years, 346 days | F | 29 June 1895 | Lives in New York, United States |
9 | Neva Morris | 112 years, 311 days | F | 3 August 1895 | Lives in Iowa, United States |
10 | Chiyo Shraishi | 112 years, 308 days | F | 6 August 1895 | Lives in Japan |
[edit] Oldest men currently living (top 10)
# | Name | Age as of 9 June 2008 |
Born | Residence |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tomoji Tanabe | 112 years, 265 days | 18 September 1895 | Oldest man in the world (since 24 January 2007). Lives in Kyūshū, Japan |
2 | Henry Allingham | 112 years, 3 days | 6 June 1896 | Lives in England, United Kingdom. World War I Veteran |
George Francis | 112 years, 3 days | 6 June 1896 | Lives in California, United States | |
4 | Walter Breuning | 111 years, 262 days | 21 September 1896 | Lives in Montana, United States |
5 | Augusto Moreira de Oliveira | 111 years, 247 days | 6 October 1896 | Lives in Portugal |
6 | Walter Seward | 111 years, 240 days | 13 October 1896 | Lives in New Jersey, United States |
7 | Jiroemon Kimura | 111 years, 51 days | 19 April 1897 | Lives in Kansai, Japan |
8 | Kiyoshi Igarashi | 110 years, 312 days | 2 August 1897 | Lives in Hokkaidō, Japan |
9 | Aarne Arvonen | 110 years, 310 days | 4 August 1897 | Lives in Finland. Finnish Civil War Veteran |
10 | Masatake Kinoshita | 110 years, 294 days | 20 August 1897 | Lives in Japan |
[edit] Supercentenarians who died before 1955
Name | Born | Died | Age | Sex | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thomas Peters | 1745 | 1857 | 111 years 354 days | M | The Netherlands; earliest supercentenarian recognized by the Guinness Book of Records |
Geert Boomgaard | 1788 | 1899 | 110 years 135 days | M | The Netherlands; earliest supercentenarian recognized by scholars |
Margaret Neve | 1792 | 1903 | 110 years 321 days | F | Guernsey, Channel Islands |
Ann Pouder | 1807 | 1917 | 110 years 93 days | F | Born England, UK Died Nebraska, U.S. |
Louisa Thiers | 1814 | 1926 | 111 years 138 days | F | New York, U.S. |
Delina Filkins | 1815 | 1928 | 113 years 214 days | F | New York, U.S. |
Miriam Bannister | 1817 | 1928 | 111 years 21 days | F | Born England, UK Died Missouri, U.S. |
Demetrius Philipovitch | 1818 | 1928 | 110 years 144+ days | M | Yugoslavia |
Katherine Plunket | 1820 | 1932 | 111 years 327 days | F | Ireland |
[edit] National longevity recordholders
[edit] Nation of death (oldest first)
[edit] Emigrant records (oldest first)
Note: listed for countries where an emigrant lived longer than any lifelong resident
Country | Age | Sex | Name | Born | Died | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | 115 years 252 days | M | Christian Mortensen | 16 August 1882 | 25 April 1998 | Died U.S. |
Cape Verde | 114 years 183 days | F | Adelina Domingues | 19 February 1888 | 21 August 2002 | Died U.S. |
Germany | 114 years 180 days | F | Charlotte Benkner | 16 November 1889 | 14 May 2004 | Died U.S. |
Algeria | 114 years 172 days | F | Anne Primout | 5 October 1890 | 26 March 2005 | Died France |
India | 113 years 197 days | F | Lucy d'Abreu | 24 May 1892 | 7 December 2005 | Died UK |
Hungary | 112 years 332 days | F | Elizabeth Stefan | 13 May 1895 | 9 April 2008 | Died U.S. |
Morocco | 111 years 282 days | F | Consuelo Moreno-López | 5 February 1893 | 13 November 2004 | Died U.S. |
Greece | 110 years 341 days | M | Gregory Pandazes | 15 January 1873 | 22 December 1983 | Died U.S. |
Peru | 110 years 106 days | F | Julia Dougherty | 20 August 1893 | 4 December 2003 | Died U.S. |
[edit] Gerontology and the verification of age claims
Gerontology involves the tracking of the longest-lived proven individuals as the bio-markers of the human life span. The study of gerontology is usually credited to Michel Eugène Chevreul, a French chemist who died in 1889, aged 102. In the early years of the twenty first century gerontology is benefiting from the improvements in record-keeping in the industrialized world from the latter part of the nineteenth century. As a result, verification standards have evolved and multiple independent documentary confirmations of birth-date are now required to substantiate a claim, rather than evidence deriving only from the claimant. For claims that have not been satisfactorily confirmed by Guinness World Records, considered the authority, see longevity claims.
[edit] Current trends in the lifespans of the oldest humans
The population and lifespans of the world's oldest people are continually increasing due to improvements in health care and lifestyle during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the increasing world population. Additionally, better record-keeping, both 100+ years ago and today, is increasing the percentage of the world's population whose age can be tracked and verified. This increase has been matched by efforts to harness this data. While in 1837 the oldest verified person was aged 108 years, it is now no longer unheard of for individuals, especially females, to have lived 110 years and more. The term supercentenarian has been coined to describe this emerging population group.
[edit] References
- ^ Craig R. Whitney. "Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122", New York Times, 1997-08-05. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
- ^ Douglas Martin. "Norris McWhirter, 78, Dies; A Matchless Record Keeper", New York Times, 2004-04-21. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
- ^ World's oldest person, Yone Minagawa, dies at 114 - Japan News Review
- ^ Born in Great Paignton, Devon. Research by Andrew Walton and others at the Gerontology Research Group validated her case in September 2007[citation needed] as the world's oldest person from February 17, 1963, the death of her predecessor, Lovisa Svensson, until her own death. The original birth and death documents were located for Miss Dart, who never married. Her death was covered by local newspapers, including page 5 of the October 9, 1963 Herald Express and page 12 of the October 12, 1963 Paignton Observer. She was said to have been in good shape until shortly before her death at age 108 years and 341 days.
- ^ From St Pancras, London, England. Recognized at the time by Guinness World Records as the oldest person to die in the UK at 109 years and 298 days. Her record was broken later that year by Hannah Smith. Born Elizabeth Alice Walker, she was the last person to become the oldest living person at 'just' 108.
- ^ First included in the 1970 Guinness Book of Records, she was the oldest recognised living person in the world between June 16, 1968 and her death, aged 111 (see Louis Epstein: The Oldest Human Beings) She was reportedly alive in October 1968 but the exact date of her death is not known; probably it was lost in turmoil following Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia in August 1968.
- ^ His grandson claims he lived until 115. See Dzugayev, K.G. (2006). "Южная Осетия в контексте российско-грузинских отношений (South Ossetia in the context of Russian-Georgian relations)" (in Russian). Bulletin of the Vladivkaz Institute of Management (19). “До 115 лет дожил и наш дед Хасако Дзугаев, также рассказывавший немало интересного и, как правило, поддающегося проверке исторической наукой.”
- ^ Matthew Beard is recognized by the Social Security Administration as the oldest ever American-born man.
[edit] External links
- Louis Epstein: The Oldest Human Beings — list of validly-documented supercentenarians (by age and chronological), including a chronological list of the oldest living listed persons since 1955 (however, for a time in the 1960s the oldest living person did not officially reach 110).
- Supercentenarian tables at the Gerontology Research Group
- International Database on Longevity