Ojai Music Festival

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Libbey Bowl
Libbey Bowl

The Ojai Music Festival is an annual classical music festival in the United States. Held in Ojai, California (75 miles northwest of Los Angeles) for four days every June, the festival presents music, symposia, and educational programs emphasizing adventurous, eclectic, and challenging music, by both contemporary composers and the discovery or rediscovery of rare or little known works by past masters.

The principal performance venue is the Libbey Bowl, an open-air setting not far from the center of Ojai.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] The Ojai valley becomes a draw for the creative

Before the music festival itself was established, the Ojai valley itself had attracted artists, musicians and thinkers. In the early 1920s, Annie Besant, the head of the Theosophical Society, bought 40 acres in the valley. She moved there along with her her young Indian protege, Jiddu Krishnamurti. Krishnamurti proved to be a respected spiritual thinker in his own right, and Ojai became one of his bases. Throughout the 1930's and 1940's, his talks in the valley drew a diverse group of notable Southern Californians, including Igor Stravinsky, Greta Garbo, Christopher Isherwood, Bertolt Brecht, Thomas Mann, Charles Chaplin, Bertrand Russell and Charles Laughton. The composer John Cage wrote to his lover in 1935, "I was walking and thinking of you in Ojai, an open space of country, and suddenly I knew what wildness was. I am sure there is something unexplainably and mysteriously sacred about the Valley, something including evil." The idyllic setting even famously served as Shangri-La in the 1937 Frank Capra film, Lost Horizon. [1][2]

[edit] Founding the music festival

The Ojai Music Festival itself was founded in 1947 by East Coast music aficionado John Leopold Jergens Bauer. It was originally intended to be a "Salzburg Festival of the West" with eight weeks of music, opera, dance, and theater; but while those ambitious early plans were never realized, a more modest festival developed. Mark Swed of the Los Angeles Times described those early years:

"Ojai's allure made it easy to attract not only name soloists but the best Hollywood musicians for its ensembles. By 1949, The New York Times was running a composite sketch of participants in that year's festival, illustrating the Juilliard String Quartet rehearsing, the pianist Shura Cherkassky performing and Thor Johnson conducting. Ladies in capes and fancy hats paraded. Bohos in sandals sat under oak trees."[1]

[edit] Artistic Directors

Lawrence Morton and Pierre Boulez
Lawrence Morton and Pierre Boulez

In 1954, Lawrence Morton was appointed as the Festival Artistic Director. A man of broad musical tastes, Morton was a visionary whose constant curiosity and unwavering integrity shaped the Festival's future direction. Already heading up the famously progressive Monday Evening Concerts in Los Angeles, Swed described Morton's influence this way:

" ... what [Morton] wanted was new plus old plus unusual. He was close to Stravinsky. At Ojai, he talked Copland into conducting for the first time. He brought the French composer Pierre Boulez to the festival in 1967, when Boulez's career as a conductor was just beginning, and Boulez has been back six more times, most recently in 2003. [In 2005] I asked Boulez, who is 81, if he would ever return to Ojai. He said yes, he hoped so. . . .

. . . Like wealthy patrons most places, Ojai's often have traditional tastes, and Morton pushed some donors too far in the '50s. He left for Paris in 1960 on a Guggenheim Fellowship, and the festival immediately went pop with acts such as Anna Maria Alberghetti and Family. But it quickly swung back to the other extreme. In 1962, when Luciano Berio was the composer in residence, he, Milton Babbitt and Gunther Schuller debated for four days the direction of music and where the 12-tone technique, jazz and tradition all fit in. The great jazz flutist and clarinetist Eric Dolphy played Edgard Varese's flute solo, "Density 21.5," that spring."[1]

Under Morton's leadership, the Ojai Festival began the practice of having the Artistic Director engage a different Music Director for the Festival; each year and around whom that year's Festival is built. Six individuals have served as Artistic Director:

  • Lawrence Morton (1954-1970, 1976-1987)
  • Gerhard Samuel (1971-1975)
  • Jeanette O'Connor (1988-1991)
  • Ara Guzelimian (1992-1997)
  • Ernest Fleischmann (1998-2003)
  • Thomas W. Morris (2004-present)

Whereas Fleischmann tended to organize each year's festival according to themes, Morris has eschewed this concept. As David Mermelstein reported:

"I'm not a big believer in too much dramaturgy," Morris says. "The idea of building programs or festivals around some kind of specific theme, I find not a compelling idea in general. You find some pieces that fit the theme well, and then you have to find something to round it out, and that can lead to some less good pieces being performed. There should be some rhyme or reason to programming, but it shouldn't be too restricted in its thinking."[3]

[edit] Music Directors

Main article: Ojai Music Festival: Music Directors

The festival has enjoyed collaborations with many highly regarded composers, conductors, and musicians who have served as Music Director; these include: Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, Pierre Boulez, Michael Tilson Thomas, Lukas Foss, John Adams, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Kent Nagano, and Simon Rattle, to name a few.

In recent years, instrumentalists such as Emanuel Ax, Mitsuko Uchida, Pierre-Laurent Aimard, and the Emerson String Quartet have also served as Music Director.

[edit] Resident artists: composers, soloists, ensembles, and others

In addition to the composers who have served as Music Director, many others have been resident artists at the festival, including: Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Peter Maxwell Davies, Elliott Carter, Mauricio Kagel, and Gyorgy Ligeti. More recently, resident composers have included Steve Reich, Magnus Lindberg, Thomas Ades, Mark-Anthony Turnage, and Osvaldo Golijov.[4]

A diverse group of notable musicians have been part of the festival, including the jazz musician Eric Dolphy, pianist/conductor James Levine, sitar player Ravi Shankar, soprano Dawn Upshaw, and mezzo-soprano Lorraine Hunt-Lieberson, to name just a few. Sol Babitz, the Festival's first concertmaster, was a confidant of Stravinsky, and Babitz's expertise in Baroque period performance practice and research into early music fascinated and influenced the composer.[1]

Since 1970, the Los Angeles Philharmonic has been a very frequent participant in the festival. Other notable resident orchestras have included the Lyon Opera Orchestra, the Cleveland Orchestra, New World Symphony, Philharmonia Baroque, Atlanta Symphony, and St. Paul Chamber Orchestra.

Many chamber groups and other ensembles have also been resident at the festival, including: the Juilliard String Quartet, the Kronos Quartet, the Emerson String Quartet, the Sequoia Quartet, Chanticleer, and Toimii. In addition, groups representing other musical genres have also participated in the festival; these include: jazz, mariachi, Balinese music, and West African drum music ensembles.

In addition to musicians, the festival has also hosted visual and performing artists of all kinds, most notably the potter Beatrice Wood, French artist Marcel Duchamp, and theater/opera director Peter Sellars.

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d Swed, Mark. "CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; A retreat charges on; Swathed in a colorful past, the Ojai Festival is modest, informal and world-class.", Los Angeles Times, June 4, 2006. 
  2. ^ Stellin, Susan. "Spas and Stars, but Ojai Tries to Stay Grounded", The New York Times, Nov 30, 2007. 
  3. ^ Mermelstein, David. "RESOUNDING SUCCESS; INNOVATION KEEPS OJAI MUSIC FEST FRESH FOR HALF A CENTURY", The Daily News of Los Angeles, June 2, 2004. 
  4. ^ About Us: Milestones. Ojai Music Festival website. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.

[edit] External links