od (Unix)

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od is an octal dumping program for Unix and Unix-like systems. It can also dump hexadecimal or decimal data.

od is one of the earliest Unix programs, having appeared in version 1 AT&T Unix. It is also specified in the POSIX standards (see external link below). The implementation for od used on Linux systems is usually provided by GNU Core Utilities.

[edit] Example session

Normally a dump of executable data is very long. The head program prints out the first few lines of the output. Here is an example of a dump of the Hello World program, piped through head.

% od hello|head
0000000 042577 043114 000401 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000
0000020 000002 000003 000001 000000 101400 004004 000064 000000
0000040 003610 000000 000000 000000 000064 000040 000006 000050
0000060 000033 000030 000006 000000 000064 000000 100064 004004
0000100 100064 004004 000300 000000 000300 000000 000005 000000
0000120 000004 000000 000003 000000 000364 000000 100364 004004
0000140 100364 004004 000023 000000 000023 000000 000004 000000
0000160 000001 000000 000001 000000 000000 000000 100000 004004
0000200 100000 004004 002121 000000 002121 000000 000005 000000
0000220 010000 000000 000001 000000 002124 000000 112124 004004