Norwegian trench

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map of the North Sea with Norwegian trench

The Norwegian trench or Norwegian channel (Norwegian: Norskerenna Danish: Norskerenden) is an elongated depression in the sea floor (but not a true oceanic trench) off the southern coast of Norway. It reaches from the Stad peninsula in Sogn og Fjordane in the northwest to the Oslofjord in the southeast. The trench is between 50 and 95 kilometers wide and up to 700 meters deep. Off the Rogaland coast it is 250 - 300 meters deep, and its deepest point is off Arendal where it reaches 700 meters deep – an abyss compared to the average depth of the North Sea, which is about 100 meters.

It was formed during the last 1.1 Ma by the effects of erosion associated with repeated ice stream activity ^[1]. During the main glaciations, the Skagerrak Trough was the meeting point for ice from southeastern Norway, southern Sweden and parts of the Baltic causing a relatively fast-moving ice stream that passed south of the Norwegan coast and then turned north, eventually reaching deepwater at about 62°N. The material carried by the ice stream was then deposited in the North Sea fan. Glacial erratics such as flint and rhomb porphyry ,thought to originate from the Skagerrak and Olso areas respectively ^[2], and deformed glacial tills found on the coast of Jaeren provide the main onshore evidence for the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream.

The Norwegian current generally flows northeasterly along the Norwegian trench. The depth of the trench, along with density differences between Norwegian current water and the adjacent Atlantic Water, also result in large scale eddies. The Norwegian trench region in the Skagerrak is a biologically productive zone, as upwelling of North Atlantic water in the Skagerrak provides an input of nutrients.

The trench provides an obstacle for oil and gas pipelines.

[edit] References

^ Sejrup,H.P., Larsen,E., Haflidason,H., Berstad,I.M.; Berit O. Hjelstuen,B.O., Jonsdottir,H.E., King,E.L., Jon Landvik,J., Longva,L., NygÅrd,A., Ottesen,D., Raunholm,S., Rise,L. & Stalsberg,K. 2003. Configuration, history and impact of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream. Boreas, 32, 18-36.
^ Raunholm,S., Larsen,E. & Sejrup,H.P. 2004. Weichselian interstadial sediments on Jæren (SW Norway) – paleoenvironments and implications for ice sheet configuration. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 84, 91-106.