Norwegian krone

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Norwegian krone norsk krone (Norwegian)
1000 kroner 20 kroner
ISO 4217 Code	NOK
User(s)	Norway
Inflation	2.3%
Source	The World Factbook, 2006 est.
Subunit
1/100	øre
Symbol	kr
Plural	kroner
øre	øre
Coins	50 øre, 1, 5, 10, 20 kr
Banknotes	50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 kr
Central bank	Bank of Norway
Website	www.norges-bank.no

The krone is the currency of Norway. The plural form is kroner. It is subdivided into 100 øre (singular and plural are the same). The ISO 4217 code is NOK, although the common local abbreviation is kr. The name translates into English as "crown".

Contents 1 History 2 Coins 3 Banknotes 4 Summary of denominations issued 5 Exchange rates 6 Possible elimination of the 1000 kroner bill 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

[edit] History

The krone was introduced in 1875, replacing the Norwegian speciedaler at a rate of 4 kroner = 1 speciedaler. In doing so, Norway joined the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which had been established in 1873. The Union persisted until 1914 but, after its dissolution, Denmark, Norway and Sweden all decided to keep the names of their respective and now separate currencies.

Within the Scandinavian Monetary Union, the krone was on a gold standard of 2480 kroner = 1 kilogram of pure gold (1 krone = 403.226 milligrams gold). This gold standard was restored between 1916 and 1920 and again in 1928 but was suspended permanently in 1931, when a peg to the British pound of 19.9 kroner = 1 pound was established (the previous rate had been 18.16 kroner = 1 pound). In 1939, Norway pegged the krone to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 4.4 kroner = 1 dollar.

During the German occupation in the Second World War, the krone was pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 1 krone = 0.6 Reichsmark initially, later reduced to 0.57. After the war, a rate of 20 kroner = 1 pound (4.963 kroner = 1 U.S. dollar) was established. The rate to the pound was maintained in 1949 when the pound devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, leading to a rate of 7.142 kroner = 1 U.S. dollar.

[edit] Coins

In 1875, coins were introduced (some dated 1874) in denominations of 10 and 50 øre and 1, 10 and 20 krone. These coins also bore the denomination in the previous currency, as 3, 15 and 30 skilling and 2½ and 5 specidaler. Between 1875 and 1878, the new coinage was introduced in full, in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 øre and 1, 2, 10 and 20 krone. The 1, 2 and 5 øre were bronze, the 10, 25 and 50 øre and 1 and 2 kroner were silver, whilst the 10 and 20 kroner were gold.

The last gold coins were issued in 1910, with silver being replaced by cupro-nickel from 1920. Between 1917 and 1921, iron temporarily replaced bronze. 1917 also saw the last issuance of 2 kroner coins. During the German occupation in WWII, zinc was used in place of cupro-nickel in the 10, 25 and 50 øre, with production of the 1 krone suspended.

In 1963, 5 kroner coins were introduced, whilst, in 1972, production of 1 and 2 øre coins ceased. In 1973, the size of the 5 øre coin was reduced, with the denomination ceasing production in 1982, along with the 25 øre. 10 kroner coins were introduced in 1983. In 1992, the last 10 øre coins were minted. Between 1994 and 1998, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of 50 øre, 1, 5, 10 and 20 kroner, with the 20 kroner introduced in 1994.

Coins of the Norwegian krone

50 øre (1996); King's crown, fable animal

1 kr (1997); Harald V's monogram, a fowl

5 kr (1998); St.Olav's Order, acanthi leaves

10 kr (1995); Harald V, stave church roof

20 kr (1994); Harald V, viking ship

The 10- and 20-kroner coins carry the effigy of the current monarch. Previously the 1- and 5-kroner coins also carried the royal effigy, but now these denominations are only decorated with stylistic royal or national symbols. The royal motto of the monarch (King Harald's motto is Alt for Norge, meaning Everything for Norway) is also inscribed on the 10-kroner coin.

The coins and banknotes are distributed by the Central Bank of Norway.

[edit] Banknotes

In 1877, Norges Bank introduced notes for 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 kroner. In 1917, 1 krone notes were issued, with 2 kroner notes issued between 1918 and 1922. Because of metal shortages, 1 and 2 kroner notes were again issued between 1940 and 1950. In 1963, 5 kroner notes were replaced by coins, with the same happening to the 10 kroner notes in 1984. 200 kroner notes were introduced in 1994.

Banknotes of the Norwegian krone

50 kr; Peter Christen Asbjørnsen

100 kr; Kirsten Flagstad

200 kr; Kristian Birkeland

500 kr; Sigrid Undset

1000 kr; Edvard Munch

[edit] Summary of denominations issued

Denomination	Notes			Coins
	Printed	Invalid	Comments	Minted	Invalid	Comments
1 øre	-			1876-1972	1998	Bronze, iron 1918-21 & 1941-45
2 øre	-			1876-1972	1998	Bronze, iron 1917-20 & 1943-45
5 øre	-			1875-1982	1998	Bronze, iron 1917-20 & 1941-45
10 øre	-			1874-1991	2003	Silver 1874-1919, cupro-nickel 1920-92 (holed 1924-51), zinc 1941-45
25 øre	-			1876-1982	1998	Silver 1876-1919, cupro-nickel 1921-82 (holed 1921-50), zinc 1943-45
50 øre	-			1874	-	Silver 1874-1919, cupro-nickel 1920-96 (holed 1920-49), zinc 1941-45, bronze 1996-
1 krone	1917-1925 1940-1950	1926 1999	War time "coin notes"	1875-	-	Silver 1875-1917, cupro-nickel 1925- (holed 1925-51, 1997-)
2 kroner	1918-1925 1940-1950	1926 1999	War time "coin notes"	1876-1917	??	Silver 1878-1917
5 kroner	1877-1963	1999	Replaced by coin 1963	1963-	-	Cupro-nickel (holed 1998-)
10 kroner	1877-1984	1999	Replaced by coin 1984	1983-	-	Nickel-brass
20 kroner	-			1994-	-	Nickel-brass
50 kroner	1877-	-		-
100 kroner	1877-	-		-
200 kroner	1994-	-		-
500 kroner	1877-	-		-
1000 kroner	1877-	-		-

Sources: [1], [2], [3], [4]

[edit] Exchange rates

The value of Norwegian kroner compared to other currencies varies considerably from one year to another, mainly based on changes in oil prices and interest rates.

In 2002 the Norwegian krone kept growing stronger and stronger to record high levels compared to the United States dollar and the Euro. On January 2, 2002, one krone was worth around 0.11 US dollars (1 USD=9 NOK). In July 2002, the krone hit a high at 0.137 dollar (1 USD=7.36 NOK). In addition to the high level of interest, which increased further on July 4, 2002, to 7 per cent, the oil price was high. At the time Norway was the world's third biggest oil exporter.

In 2005, after almost continuously increasing since the beginning of 2002, oil prices reached record levels of more than 60 dollars per barrel. Although interest rates had decreased to around 2 per cent, the Norwegian krone grew even stronger.

In late 2007, the USD has suffered a steady depreciation against all other major currencies. Also, the Norwegian krone is gaining value. As a result, the Norwegian krone is stronger than ever compared to the USD, making the USD worth about 5 NOK in April 2008.

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[edit] Possible elimination of the 1000 kroner bill

In June 2007, Norwegian politician Heikki Holmås suggested eliminating the 1000 kroner bill as a means of dealing with crimes such as tax evasion. It is also argued that eliminating the bill would complicate bank robberies, as one million kroner in 500 kroner bills weighs twice as much as the same amount in 1000 kroner bills, making it more difficult for robbers to physically carry vast amounts of money. The 1000-krone bill is not widely circulated among regular people, who generally use debit cards or other forms of electronic payments for large purchases. Økokrim (the financial investigation branch of the Norwegian police) and Kredittilsynet (The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway) expressed a positive interest in this proposal. ^[1]

[edit] See also

• Table of historical exchange rates
• Scandinavian Monetary Union
• Swedish krona
• Danish krone
• Economy of Norway

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Don's World Coin Gallery - Norway
• Ron Wise's World Paper Money - Norway ^{Mirror site}
• The Global History of Currencies - Norway
• Global Financial Data data series - Norway Krone
• Global Financial Data currency histories table ( Microsoft Excel format)

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