Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention

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Northern Irish sovereignty referendum, 1973
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The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (NICC) was an elected body set up in 1975 by the Labour government of Harold Wilson as an attempt to deal with constitutional issues surrounding the status of Northern Ireland.

Contents

[edit] Formation of the Constitutional Convention

The idea for an NICC was first mooted by the Northern Ireland Office when it produced a white paper entitled The Northern Ireland Constitution.[1] on the 4th July 1974. The document laid out plans to hold elections to a body which would seek to agree a political settlement for Northern Ireland. The proposals became law with the Northern Ireland Act of 1974[2] later that month. With Lord Chief Justice Robert Lowrey appointed to chair the new body, elections were announced for the 1st May 1975.

The unnoficial logo for this change was a small cat riding on a bicycle. This was probarbly because of the metaphorical symbosis that underlinded the whole act

The elections were held for the 78 member assembly using the Single Transferable Vote system of proportional representation in each of Northern Ireland's 12 constituencies. Initially the body was intended to be purely consultative, although it was hoped that executive and legislative functions could be devolved to the NICC as agreements were made.

[edit] Results

Unionists opposed to the NICC once again banded together under the umbrella of the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC) and this coalition proved the most successful, taking 46 seats.

Party Leader Votes % Seats +/-
Ulster Unionist (UUUC) Harry West 167,214 25.4 19 +10
Social Democratic and Labour Gerry Fitt 156,049 23.7 17 −2
Democratic Unionist (UUUC) Ian Paisley 97,073 14.8 12 +4
Vanguard Progressive Unionist (UUUC) William Craig 83,507 12.7 14 +7
Alliance Oliver Napier 64,657 9.8 8 0
Unionist Party NI Brian Faulkner 50,891 7.7 5 −19
Republican Clubs Tomás Mac Giolla 14,515 2.2 0 0
Labour (NI) David Bleakley 9,102 1.4 1 0
Independent Loyalist (UUUC) N/A 5,687 0.9 1 +1
Independent Unionist N/A 4,453 0.6 1 −2
Ulster Unionist Party (non-UUUC) Harry West 2,583 0.4 0 N/A
Independent N/A 2,052 0.3 0 0
Communist 378 0.1 0 0

Source: Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Elections 1975

[edit] Leading Members

Main article: Members of the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention

A number of leading Northern Irish politicians were elected to the NICC, increasing hope that the body might achieve some of its aims. Also elected were a number of younger figures who would go on to become leading figures in the future of Northern Irish politics. These included:

[edit] Progress of the NICC

The elections left the body fundamentally weakened from its inception as an overall majority had been obtained by those Unionists who opposed power sharing as a concept. As a result the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Report published on 20th November 1975 [3] recommended only a return to majority rule as had previously existed under the old Parliament of Northern Ireland government. As such a solution was completely unacceptable to the nationalist parties, the NICC was placed on hiatus.

Hoping to gain something from the exercise, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees announced that the NICC would be reconvened on 3 February 1976. However a series of meetings held between the UUUC and the SDLP failed to reach any agreement about SDLP participation in government and so the reconvened NICC once again produced the same results. As a result Rees announced the dissolution of the body on 4 March 1976 and Northern Ireland was returned to direct rule. The NICC had, overall, been a failure as it failed to lessen the impasse in Northern Irish politics and so no changes enacted.

[edit] Significance of the NICC

On the face of it, the NICC was a total failure as it did not achieve its aims of agreement between the two sides or of introducing 'rolling devolution' (gradual introduction of devolution as and when the parties involved saw fit to accept it). Nevertheless, coming as it did not long after the Conservative-sponsored Sunningdale Agreement, the NICC indicated that no British government would be prepared to re-introduce majority rule in Northern Ireland. During the debates William Craig accepted the possibility of power-sharing with the SDLP, a move that split the UUUC and precipitated the eventual collapse of Vanguard.

The idea of electing a consultative body to thrash out a deal for devolution was also retained and in 1996 it was revived when the Northern Ireland Forum was elected on largely the same lines and with the same overall purpose. Given that the Forum led to the Belfast Agreement and the Northern Ireland Assembly, the importance of the NICC as a model for this second body is clear.

[edit] References

  1. ^ The Northern Ireland Constitution (1974)
  2. ^ The Northern Ireland Act 1974
  3. ^ Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Report, 20 November 1975

[edit] External links

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