Northern Brown Argus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Genus:	Aricia
Species:	A. artaxerxes

Binomial name

Aricia artaxerxes
(Fabricius, 1775)

The Northern Brown Argus (Aricia artaxerxes) is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.

Appearance, behaviour and distribution

This species has confused British entomologists for years. Since its discovery in Britain it has been thought to be a form or a subspecies of the Brown Argus Aricia agestis and as well as a species in its own right. Since 1967 all Brown Argus's in the north of England and Scotland have been classified as this species. In the last few years genetic studies have shown that some of the colonies along the border of the two species ranges are still being wrongly classified and some colonies in the north of England are now thought to be A. agestis. So far as is known their ranges do not overlap in the UK. The Scottish form is visually quite distinct from the Brown Argus. It usually has a small white dot in the center of the upperside forewing and the black spots on the underside are missing leaving larger white spots on the light brown background. The northern English populations belong to a form called salmacis and are very similar to the Brown Argus, hence all the confusion. On the continent, where it is known as the Mountain Argus, it is widespread in Scandinavia and mountainous regions of central, southern and Eastern Europe. The secies is considered locall rare in Britain, and the UK has established a detailed Biodiversity Action Plan to conserve this species along with a small number of other butterfly species.

Life cycle and Foodplants

Eggs are laid singly on the upperside of the foodplant leaves. As far is known Common Rock-rose helianthemum nummularium seems to be the sole foodplant in Britain. The larvae hibernate while still quite small and continue to feed and grow the following spring. Like the Brown Argus, it is attractive to ants and often attended by them. Pupation takes place at ground level in late May and butterflies are on the wing from mid June to mid July.