Nityananda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Nityananda (disambiguation).
Nityananda-Rama at Panihati
Nityananda-Rama at Panihati

Nityananda (Bangla: শ্রী নিত্যানন্দ) (b 1474 CE), a Vaishnava saint, is famous as a primary religious figure within the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Bengal.[1] Nityananda was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's friend & disciple. They are often mentioned together as Gaura-Nitai (Gaura, "golden one", referring to Chaitanya, Nitai being a shortened form of Nityananda) or Nimai-Nitai (Nimai being another name of Chaitanya).[2] Followers often refer to Nityananda as 'Sri Nityananda', 'Prabhu Nityananda' or 'Nityananda Rama'.

According to Gaudiya-Vaishnava tradition Nityananda is an incarnation of Balarama, with Chaitanya Mahaprabhu being his eternal brother and friend, Krishna[3]. He is considered the 'most merciful' incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.[4]

Contents

[edit] Life

Nityananda Rama was born in Ekachakra[5] (a small village in present West Bengal) around the year 1474, into a religious Brahmin family. His devotion and great talent for singing Vaishnava hymns (bhajan) were apparent from a very early age. He became well known in his youth for his dramatic re-enactments of Lord Rama's pastimes, wherein he would generally play the part of Lakshman, Rama's younger brother along with the other boys of Ekachakra.

At the age of thirteen, Nityananda left home with a travelling renunciate (sannyasi) known as Lakshmipati Tirtha. Nityananda's father, Hadai Pandit, had offered the travelling sannyasi anything he wished as a gift. To this Lakshmipati Tirtha replied that he was in need of someone to assist him in his travels to the holy places (he was about to begin a pilgrimage) and that Nityananda would be perfect for the job. As he had given his word Hadai Pandit reluctantly agreed and Nityananda joined him in his travels. This started Nityananda's long physical and spiritual journey through India which would get him in contact with important Guru's of the Vaishnava tradition. Apart from Lakshmipati Tirtha, who at some point initiated him, he was also associated with Lakshmipati Tirtha's famous other disciples: Madhavendra Puri, Advaita Acharya, and Ishvara Puri, the spiritual master of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

[edit] The Jagai-Madhai episode

The episode of Jagai-Madhai is arguably the most well known of tales related to Chaitanya and Nityananda. There are a few versions of the story, but the basics outline of the traditional tale is as follows:

Once while chanting the name of Krishna in the streets, Nityananda was attacked by Jagai and Madhai, two irreverent drunk brothers. Madhai threw an earthen pot which cut his forehead. At this point Nityananda is said to have uttered the now famous sentence, "Merechhish kolshir kana, tai bole ki prem debona" (Shall I stop giving you love because you have hit me with an earthen pot?). Chaitanya heard of the episode, flew to a rage, and wanted to kill the brothers with his divine Chakra. Nityananda begged him to pardon them and they became Chaitanya's disciples, converted by Nityananda's compassion.

[edit] Legacy

Paired deities of Nityananda (left) and Chaitanya (right), in a Radha-Krishna temple in Belgium.
Paired deities of Nityananda (left) and Chaitanya (right), in a Radha-Krishna temple in Belgium.

The exploits of Chaitanya and Nityananda have had deep religious and cultural implications in Bengal. They are credited with the revival of Hinduism in Eastern India, plagued mainly by the caste system, which they denounced. Much of Vaishnava literature, regarded as one the finest literary heritage of medieval Bengal, came from them or their disciples. Even in secular literature, their brotherly love towards each other has been celebrated.

[edit] Principal Names of Nityananda

  • Nityananda -- He Who embodies eternal bliss
  • Avadhutendu -- The Moon of divine madmen
  • Vasudha-prana-vallabha -- The beloved of the life-breath of Vasudha
  • Jahnavi-jivita-pati -- The eternal divine husband of Shrimati Jahnavi-devi and the maintainer and sustainer of Her life and soul
  • Krsna-prema-prada -- He Who bestows ecstatic love for Krsna
  • Prabhu -- The Lord and Master of the devotees
  • Padmavati-suta -- The dear son of Padmavati
  • Sriman -- He of spendrous transcendental majesty
  • Saci-nandana-purvaja -- The older brother of mother Saci's son
  • Bhavonmatta -- He Who is maddened in overwhelming ecstatic emotions
  • Jagat-trata -- The savior of the universe
  • Rakta-gaura-kalevara - He Whose complexion is golden tinged with red

from the writings of Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Sen, D.; Sen, D.C. (1917). Chaitanya and His Companions: Being Lectures Delivered at the University of Calcutta as Ramtanu Lahiri Research Fellow for 1913-14. University of Calcutta. 
  2. ^ Dimock, E.C. (1958). "The Place of Gauracandrika in Bengali Vaisnava Lyrics". Journal of the American Oriental Society 78 (3): 153-169. 
  3. ^ Chaitanya Charitamrita Adi-lila, 5.6
  4. ^ Rosen, S.J. (2004). "Who Is Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu>". The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant. 
  5. ^ Chaitanya Charitamrita Adi-lila,13.61, purport

[edit] External links

Languages